Han Hannah Yang, Masip Guiomar, Meng Tongzhu, Nielsen Daiva E
School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada; GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
J Nutr. 2024 Dec;154(12):3521-3543. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.014. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
Diet is an important determinant of health and may moderate genetic susceptibility to obesity, but meta-analyses of available evidence are lacking.
This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze evidence on the moderating effect of diet on genetic susceptibility to obesity, assessed with polygenic risk scores (PRS).
A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to retrieve observational studies that examined PRS-diet interactions on obesity-related outcomes. Dietary exposures of interest included diet quality/dietary patterns and consumption of specific food and beverage groups. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for pooled PRS- healthy eating index (HEI) interaction coefficients on body mass index (BMI) (on the basis of data from 4 cohort studies) and waist circumference (WC) (on the basis of data from 3 cohort studies).
Out of 36 retrieved studies, 78% were conducted among European samples. Twelve out of 21 articles examining dietary indices/patterns, and 16 out of 21 articles examining food/beverage groups observed some significant PRS-diet interactions. However, within many articles, findings are inconsistent when testing different combinations of obesity PRS-dietary factors and outcomes. Nevertheless, higher HEI scores and adherence to plant-based dietary patterns emerged as the more prominent diet quality/patterns that moderated genetic susceptibility to obesity, whereas higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, and lower consumption of fried foods and sugar-sweetened beverages emerged as individual food/beverage moderators. Results from the meta-analysis suggest that a higher HEI attenuates genetic susceptibility on BMI (pooled PRS∗HEI coefficient: -0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.15, 0.00; P = 0.0392) and WC (-0.37; 95% CI: -0.60, -0.15; P = 0.0013).
Current observational evidence suggests a moderating role of overall diet quality in polygenic risk of obesity. Future research should aim to identify genetic loci that interact with dietary exposures on anthropometric outcomes and conduct analyses among diverse ethnic groups.
This study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews as CRD42022312289.
饮食是健康的重要决定因素，可能会调节肥胖的遗传易感性，但缺乏对现有证据的荟萃分析。
本研究旨在系统回顾和荟萃分析饮食对肥胖遗传易感性调节作用的证据，采用多基因风险评分（PRS）进行评估。
使用MEDLINE、EMBASE、科学网和Cochrane图书馆进行系统检索，以获取研究PRS与饮食相互作用对肥胖相关结局影响的观察性研究。感兴趣的饮食暴露包括饮食质量/饮食模式以及特定食物和饮料组的消费情况。对体重指数（BMI）（基于4项队列研究的数据）和腰围（WC）（基于3项队列研究的数据）的汇总PRS-健康饮食指数（HEI）相互作用系数进行随机效应荟萃分析。
在检索到的36项研究中，78%是在欧洲样本中进行的。在21篇研究饮食指数/模式的文章中，有12篇，在21篇研究食物/饮料组的文章中，有16篇观察到了一些显著的PRS-饮食相互作用。然而，在许多文章中，当测试肥胖PRS-饮食因素和结局的不同组合时，结果并不一致。尽管如此，较高的HEI得分和坚持以植物为基础的饮食模式是调节肥胖遗传易感性更为突出的饮食质量/模式，而较高的水果和蔬菜消费量以及较低的油炸食品和含糖饮料消费量则是个体食物/饮料调节因素。荟萃分析结果表明，较高的HEI可降低BMI的遗传易感性（汇总PRS∗HEI系数：-0.08；95%置信区间（CI）：-0.15，0.00；P = 0.0392）和WC（-0.37；95%CI：-0.60，-0.15；P = 0.0013）。
目前的观察性证据表明总体饮食质量在肥胖多基因风险中具有调节作用。未来的研究应旨在确定与饮食暴露在人体测量结局上相互作用的基因位点，并在不同种族群体中进行分析。
本研究在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库注册为CRD42022312289。
