Faculty of Sport (FADEUP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2024 Oct 18;16(20):3527. doi: 10.3390/nu16203527.
Diet and exercise interventions have been associated with improved body composition and physical fitness. However, evidence regarding their combined effects in older adults is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a combined 12-week Mediterranean diet-based sustainable healthy diet (SHD) and multicomponent training (MT) intervention on body composition, anthropometry, and physical fitness in older adults.
Diet intervention groups received a weekly SHD food supply and four sessions, including a SHD culinary practical workshop. The exercise program included MT 50 min group session, three times a week, on non-consecutive days. Body composition and physical fitness variables were assessed through dual X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometric measurements, and senior fitness tests. Repeated measures ANOVA, with terms for group, time, and interaction, was performed.
Our results showed that a combined intervention significantly lowered BMI and total fat. Also, significant differences between assessments in all physical fitness tests, except for aerobic endurance, were observed. Adjusted models show significant differences in BMI ( = 0.049) and WHR ( = 0.037) between groups and in total fat ( = 0.030) for the interaction term. Body strength ( < 0.001), balance tests ( < 0.001), and aerobic endurance ( = 0.005) had significant differences amongst groups. Considering the interaction term, differences were observed for upper body strength ( = 0.046) and flexibility tests ( = 0.004 sit and reach, = 0.048 back scratch).
Our intervention study demonstrates the potential of implementing healthy lifestyle and sustainable models to promote healthy and active aging.
饮食和运动干预已被证明可以改善身体成分和身体适应能力。然而，关于它们在老年人中的联合作用的证据很少。本研究旨在调查为期 12 周的基于地中海饮食的可持续健康饮食（SHD）和多组分训练（MT）联合干预对老年人身体成分、人体测量学和身体适应能力的影响。
饮食干预组每周接受一次 SHD 食物供应和四次课程，包括 SHD 烹饪实践工作坊。运动方案包括每周三次、非连续日进行的 50 分钟的 MT 小组课程。通过双能 X 射线吸收法、人体测量学测量和老年人体能测试评估身体成分和身体适应能力变量。采用重复测量方差分析，包括组、时间和交互作用项。
我们的结果表明，联合干预显著降低了 BMI 和总脂肪。此外，除了有氧运动耐力外，所有身体适应能力测试的评估之间都观察到了显著差异。调整后的模型显示 BMI（=0.049）和 WHR（=0.037）在组间存在显著差异，总脂肪（=0.030）的交互项也存在显著差异。身体力量（<0.001）、平衡测试（<0.001）和有氧运动耐力（=0.005）在组间存在显著差异。考虑交互项，上肢力量（=0.046）和柔韧性测试（=0.004 坐立和触及距离，=0.048 背部抓挠）存在显著差异。
我们的干预研究表明，实施健康生活方式和可持续模式以促进健康和积极老龄化具有潜力。
