Immunology Program, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Immunity. 2022 Aug 9;55(8):1343-1353. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.008.
While inbred mice have informed most of what we know about the immune system in the modern era, they have clear limitations with respect to their ability to be informative regarding genetic heterogeneity or microbial influences. They have also not been very predictive as models of human disease or vaccination results. Although there are concerted attempts to compensate for these flaws, the rapid rise of human studies, driven by both technical and conceptual advances, promises to fill in these gaps, as well as provide direct information about human diseases and vaccination responses. Work on human immunity has already provided important additional perspectives on basic immunology such as the importance of clonal deletion to self-tolerance, and while many challenges remain, it seems inevitable that "the human model" will continue to inform us about the immune system and even allow for the discovery of new mechanisms.
虽然近交系小鼠在现代已经为我们提供了大多数关于免疫系统的信息，但它们在遗传异质性或微生物影响方面的信息提供能力方面存在明显的局限性。它们作为人类疾病或疫苗接种结果的模型也没有很好的预测性。尽管人们正在努力弥补这些缺陷，但人类研究的快速发展，无论是在技术上还是在概念上，都有望填补这些空白，并提供有关人类疾病和疫苗接种反应的直接信息。人类免疫方面的工作已经为基础免疫学提供了重要的补充视角，例如克隆删除对自身耐受的重要性，尽管仍然存在许多挑战，但“人类模型”似乎将继续为我们提供有关免疫系统的信息，甚至允许发现新的机制。
