The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
The Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Marianne Bernadotte Centrum, St: Erik's Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Nat Commun. 2022 Aug 10;13(1):4699. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32379-w.
Gaze stabilization compensates for movements of the head or external environment to minimize image blurring. Multisensory information stabilizes the scene on the retina via the vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and optokinetic (OKR) reflexes. While the organization of neuronal circuits underlying VOR is well-described across vertebrates, less is known about the contribution and evolution of the OKR and the basic structures allowing visuo-vestibular integration. To analyze these neuronal pathways underlying visuo-vestibular integration, we developed a setup using a lamprey eye-brain-labyrinth preparation, which allowed coordinating electrophysiological recordings, vestibular stimulation with a moving platform, and visual stimulation via screens. Lampreys exhibit robust visuo-vestibular integration, with optokinetic information processed in the pretectum that can be downregulated from tectum. Visual and vestibular inputs are integrated at several subcortical levels. Additionally, saccades are present in the form of nystagmus. Thus, all basic components of the visuo-vestibular control of gaze were present already at the dawn of vertebrate evolution.
凝视稳定补偿头部或外部环境的运动，以最大限度地减少图像模糊。多感觉信息通过前庭眼（VOR）和视动（OKR）反射在视网膜上稳定场景。虽然 VOR 背后的神经元回路的组织在脊椎动物中得到了很好的描述，但对于 OKR 的贡献和进化以及允许视-前庭整合的基本结构知之甚少。为了分析视-前庭整合背后的这些神经元通路，我们使用七鳃鳗眼-脑-迷路制备开发了一种设置，该设置允许协调电生理记录、带有移动平台的前庭刺激和通过屏幕进行视觉刺激。七鳃鳗表现出强大的视-前庭整合，视动信息在顶盖中处理，可从顶盖下调。视觉和前庭输入在几个皮质下水平整合。此外，扫视以眼球震颤的形式出现。因此，在脊椎动物进化的黎明时期，已经存在眼球凝视的视-前庭控制的所有基本组成部分。
