Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Aug 10;194(9):663. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10316-0.
The main objective of this study was to determine the content, mobility, and the variability of concentration of zinc, lead, and cadmium in soils from the Gorce Mountains (south Poland), located over 100 km south-east from the potential industrial sources of contamination-zinc-lead sulfide ore mine and smelter in Bukowno, as well as hard coal mines of Silesia region and Kraków Nowa-Huta steelwork. The abovementioned problem is crucial in the context of the traditional mountain farming still extant in the region, as well as intensively developing tourism. The geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index were adopted to evaluate soil pollution in the study area and the BCR sequential extraction technique to assess mobility of the abovementioned elements. The obtained results clearly show that the pollution from distant industrial sources in the mountains is detectable. Apart from the increased concentrations of the tested metals in the soil (especially available forms), there is also a strong correlation between the concentrations of lead, zinc, and cadmium, which proves their common source of origin. The main evidence is the fact that differences in the concentrations of the tested metals on the windward and leeward sides were statistically significant. This also means that the studied mountain area, despite relatively low altitudes (up to 1310 m above sea level), constitutes a measurable barrier to the spread of atmospheric pollutants.
本研究的主要目的是确定位于波兹南戈尔采山脉（波兰南部）土壤中锌、铅和镉的含量、迁移性和浓度变化，该地区距离布科沃（Bukowno）锌-铅硫化物矿和冶炼厂以及西里西亚地区硬煤矿和克拉科夫新胡塔钢铁厂等潜在工业污染源超过 100 公里。鉴于该地区仍存在传统的山地农业，以及旅游业的快速发展，上述问题至关重要。本研究采用地质累积指数和潜在生态风险指数来评估研究区域的土壤污染，并采用 BCR 连续提取技术来评估上述元素的迁移性。研究结果表明，在山区，即使距离遥远的工业污染源也能检测到污染。除了土壤中（尤其是可利用形态）测试金属浓度的增加之外，铅、锌和镉的浓度之间也存在很强的相关性，这证明了它们具有共同的来源。主要证据是测试金属在迎风面和背风面的浓度差异具有统计学意义。这也意味着，尽管研究山区的海拔相对较低（海拔最高 1310 米），但它仍然是大气污染物扩散的一个可衡量的障碍。
