Agro-Environmental Protection Institute/Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Aug 6;16(15):2805. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152805.
The intense management practices in greenhouse production may lead to heavy metal (HM) accumulations in soils. To determine the accumulation characteristics of HM and to evaluate possible HM sources in greenhouse soils, thirty typical greenhouse soil samples were collected in Shouguang District, Shandong Province, China. The results indicate that the Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations are, respectively, 164.8%, 78.6%, and 123.9% higher than their background values. In the study area, Cd exhibits certain characteristics, such as wide variations in the proportion of its exchangeable form and the highest mobility factor and geo-accumulation index, which are indicative of its high bioavailability and environmental risk. In addition, there is a significant positive correlation between pairs of Cd, P, soil organic carbon, and cultivation age. Combined with principal component analysis, the results indicate the clear effects that agricultural activities have on Cd, Cu, and Zn accumulation. However, Cr, Ni, and Pb have a significant correlation with soil Fe and Al (hydr)-oxides, which indicates that these metals mainly originate from parent materials. This research indicated that long-term intensive fertilization (especially the application of chemical fertilizers and livestock manure) leads to Cd, Cu, and Zn accumulation in greenhouse soils in Shouguang. And the time required to reach the maximum permeable limit in agricultural soils for Cd, Cu, and Zn is 23, 51, and 42 years, respectively, based on their current increasing rates.
温室生产中的密集管理实践可能导致土壤中重金属（HM）的积累。为了确定 HM 的积累特征并评估温室土壤中可能的 HM 来源，在中国山东省寿光区采集了 30 个典型的温室土壤样本。结果表明，Cd、Cu 和 Zn 的浓度分别比背景值高出 164.8%、78.6%和 123.9%。在研究区域内，Cd 表现出某些特征，例如其可交换态的比例和最高的迁移率因子和地质累积指数变化很大，这表明其具有较高的生物可利用性和环境风险。此外，Cd、P、土壤有机碳和种植年龄之间存在显著的正相关关系。结合主成分分析的结果表明，农业活动对 Cd、Cu 和 Zn 积累的影响明显。然而，Cr、Ni 和 Pb 与土壤 Fe 和 Al（氢）氧化物具有显著相关性，这表明这些金属主要来自母质。本研究表明，长期密集施肥（特别是化肥和畜禽粪便的施用）导致寿光温室土壤中 Cd、Cu 和 Zn 的积累。并且根据当前的增长率，Cd、Cu 和 Zn 分别需要 23、51 和 42 年才能达到农业土壤的最大渗透极限。
