CYP19A1 May Influence Lambing Traits in Goats by Regulating the Biological Function of Granulosa Cells.

Abnormal expression of , a gene related to steroid hormone synthesis, causes steroid hormone disruption and leads to abnormal ovulation in granulosa cells. However, the exact mechanism of regulation is unclear. In this study, we confirmed the localization of in goat ovarian tissues using immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, we investigated the effects of on granulosa cell proliferation, steroid hormone secretion, and expression of candidate genes for multiparous traits by overexpressing and silencing in goat granulosa cells (GCs). The immunohistochemistry results showed that was expressed in all types of follicular, luteal, and granulosa cells, with subcellular localization results revealing that CYP19A1 protein was mainly localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Overexpression of significantly increased the mRNA levels of , , and , which are candidate genes for multiple birth traits in goats. It also promoted cell proliferation, and mRNA levels in granulosa cells, and secretion of estrogen and progesterone. However, it inhibited the mRNA levels of , , and , which are genes related to steroid synthesis. Silencing expression significantly reduced , , and mRNA levels in granulosa cells and inhibited granulosa cell proliferation and PCNA and mRNA levels. It also reduced estrogen and progesterone secretion but enhanced the mRNA levels of , , and . potentially influenced the lambing traits in goats by affecting granulosa cell proliferation, hormone secretion, and expression of candidate genes associated with traits for multiple births.