Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 6;19(15):9708. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159708.
To improve the health status of teachers, there is a need for good and reliable instruments to continuously assess their mental health. The current study proposed the GHQ-12 questionnaire as an appropriate instrument for measuring the mental health of teachers. The GHQ-12 is a well-established screening instrument that has mostly been applied in non-teaching samples. In the current study, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were analyzed using a large sample of German teachers ( = 3996). The data was collected yearly over an extended period of time (2012-2020). Results showed good to very good reliability, as well as high correspondence to burnout and life satisfaction scales. Principal axis factor analysis supported a two-factor structure: Factor 1 represents "depression/stress" and Factor 2 represents "loss of confidence". However, the mental health of the investigated teachers was worse than that of a representative sample in Germany. Consequently, this study highlighted the fact that the teaching profession is vulnerable to mental strain and underlined the importance of promoting prevention programs that could help to sustain and foster the mental health of teachers. In this context, the GHQ-12 could be proposed as a good and economic tool to assess and analyze mental health in German teachers. The presented norm could help practitioners and teachers to compare individual scores within a larger peer group.
为了改善教师的健康状况，需要有良好和可靠的工具来持续评估他们的心理健康。本研究提出 GHQ-12 问卷作为衡量教师心理健康的合适工具。GHQ-12 是一种经过充分验证的筛查工具，主要应用于非教学样本。在本研究中，使用德国教师的大样本（n=3996）对问卷的心理测量特性进行了分析。数据是在较长时间（2012-2020 年）内每年收集的。结果表明，该问卷具有良好到非常好的可靠性，与倦怠和生活满意度量表高度一致。主成分因子分析支持两因素结构：因素 1 代表“抑郁/压力”，因素 2 代表“信心丧失”。然而，调查教师的心理健康状况比德国有代表性的样本差。因此，本研究强调了教学职业容易受到精神压力的影响，并强调了推广预防计划的重要性，这些计划可以帮助维持和促进教师的心理健康。在这种情况下，GHQ-12 可以作为评估和分析德国教师心理健康的一种良好且经济的工具。所呈现的常模可以帮助从业者和教师在更大的同行群体内比较个体分数。
