Núcleo de Tecnologia, Federal University of Pernambuco, Caruaru 55014-900, Brazil.
Campus do Sertão, Federal University of Alagoas, Delmiro Gouveia 57480-000, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 6;19(15):9711. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159711.
The Bedouin syndrome represents social interactions based on four premises: a friend of my friend is my friend, a friend of my enemy is my enemy, an enemy of my friend is my enemy, and an enemy of my enemy is my friend. These extensive associations exist in many social and economic relationships, such as market competition, neighborhood relations, political behavior, student gangs, organized crime, and the violent behavior of sports spectators (hooliganism) worldwide. This work tests the Bedouin syndrome hypothesis considering the violent behavior in the football fan culture. We construct relational networks of social affinities to represent the social interactions of organized fan bases () involved in hooligan violence in Pernambuco, Brazil. Contrary to prior expectations, the results evidence no statistical support for the Bedouin syndrome in 13 of the 15 analyzed clubs. There is weak statistical support in two interactions and strong statistical support in one interaction to state that a friend of my enemy is my friend (instead of an enemy). The only support for the Bedouin syndrome is circumstantial based on a prior assumption of an alliance. We propose a network development that can be more suitable to represent football fans' violent behavior. The results contribute to understanding the hooliganism social phenomenon in football-rooted cultures and their impact on public health, identifying potential determinants for organized violence by young spectators' and supporting police strategies by defining relevance scores for the most potential clashes and coalitions of gangs.
朋友的朋友是我的朋友，敌人的朋友是我的敌人，朋友的敌人是我的敌人，敌人的敌人是我的朋友。这些广泛的联系存在于许多社会和经济关系中，如市场竞争、邻里关系、政治行为、学生帮派、有组织犯罪以及全球体育观众（足球流氓）的暴力行为。这项工作通过考察足球迷文化中的暴力行为来检验贝都因式假说。我们构建了社会亲和力的关系网络，以代表巴西伯南布哥州有组织的球迷基础（）参与流氓暴力行为的社会互动。与先前的预期相反，在分析的 15 个俱乐部中，有 13 个没有得到贝都因式的统计支持。在两个相互作用中有微弱的统计支持，在一个相互作用中有强烈的统计支持，可以说敌人的朋友是我的朋友（而不是敌人）。唯一支持贝都因式的是基于先前联盟假设的情况性证据。我们提出了一种网络发展，它可以更适合代表足球迷的暴力行为。研究结果有助于理解根植于足球文化的足球流氓社会现象及其对公共健康的影响，确定年轻观众有组织暴力的潜在决定因素，并通过为最有可能发生冲突和帮派联盟定义相关分数，为警察策略提供支持。
