Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jul 27;23(15):8285. doi: 10.3390/ijms23158285.
Influenza virus and coronavirus are two important respiratory viruses, which often cause serious respiratory diseases in humans and animals after infection. In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and SARS-CoV-2 have become major pathogens causing respiratory diseases in humans. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the relationship between viral infection and host innate immunity is particularly important to the stipulation of effective control strategies. As the first line of defense against pathogens infection, innate immunity not only acts as a natural physiological barrier, but also eliminates pathogens through the production of interferon (IFN), the formation of inflammasomes, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this process, the recognition of viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is the initiation and the most important part of the innate immune response. In this review, we summarize the roles of RNA sensors in the host innate immune response to influenza virus and coronavirus infections in different species, with a particular focus on innate immune recognition of viral nucleic acids in host cells, which will help to develop an effective strategy for the control of respiratory infectious diseases.
流感病毒和冠状病毒是两种重要的呼吸道病毒，感染后常导致人类和动物发生严重的呼吸道疾病。近年来，高致病性禽流感病毒（HPAIV）和 SARS-CoV-2 已成为导致人类呼吸道疾病的主要病原体。因此，深入了解病毒感染与宿主固有免疫之间的关系对于制定有效的控制策略尤为重要。作为抵御病原体感染的第一道防线，固有免疫不仅作为天然生理屏障，还通过产生干扰素（IFN）、形成炎性小体和产生促炎细胞因子来消除病原体。在这个过程中，宿主模式识别受体（PRRs）识别病毒病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）是先天免疫反应的启动和最重要的部分。本综述总结了 RNA 传感器在宿主对流感病毒和冠状病毒感染的固有免疫反应中的作用，特别关注宿主细胞中病毒核酸的固有免疫识别，这将有助于制定控制呼吸道传染病的有效策略。
