Jiang Panxing, Zhan Zhigang, Zhang Di, Wang Chenlong, Zhang Heng, Pan Mu
School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Aug 5;14(15):3203. doi: 10.3390/polym14153203.
Cold start is one of the major issues that hinders the commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, a 2D transient multi-physics model is developed to simulate the cold start processes in a PEMFC. The phase change between water vapor, liquid water, and ice in the catalyst layers (CLs), micro porous layer (MPLs), and gas diffusion layers (GDLs) is also investigated, particularly the effect of ice crystallization kinetics when supercooled liquid water changes into ice. The factors affecting the different operating conditions and structural features of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are investigated. The results show that when the start temperature is -20 °C or higher, ice formation is delayed and the formation rate is decreased, and supercooled liquid water permeates from the CL into the MPL. For an MEA with relatively high hydrophobicity, the water permeation rate is high. These results can enable a PEMFC to start at subzero temperatures. The effect of ice crystallization kinetics is negligible when the fuel cell is started at -30 °C or below.
冷启动是阻碍聚合物电解质膜燃料电池（PEMFC）商业化的主要问题之一。在本研究中，开发了一个二维瞬态多物理场模型来模拟PEMFC中的冷启动过程。还研究了催化剂层（CL）、微孔层（MPL）和气体扩散层（GDL）中水蒸汽、液态水和冰之间的相变，特别是过冷液态水转变为冰时的冰结晶动力学效应。研究了影响膜电极组件（MEA）不同运行条件和结构特征的因素。结果表明，当启动温度为-20°C或更高时，结冰延迟且形成速率降低，过冷液态水从CL渗透到MPL中。对于疏水性相对较高的MEA，水渗透速率较高。这些结果可使PEMFC在零下温度下启动。当燃料电池在-30°C或更低温度下启动时，冰结晶动力学的影响可忽略不计。
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