Wang Xixi, Guan Yepeng
School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Application, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200072, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Aug 6;22(15):5887. doi: 10.3390/s22155887.
A blockchain has been applied in many areas, such as cryptocurrency, smart cities and digital finance. The consensus protocol is the core part of the blockchain network, which addresses the problem of transaction consistency among the involved participants. However, the scalability, efficiency and security of the consensus protocol are greatly restricted with the increasing number of nodes. A Hierarchy Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus protocol (HBFT) based on node reputation has been proposed. The two-layer hierarchy structure is designed to improve the scalability by assigning nodes to different layers. Each node only needs to exchange messages within its group, which deducts the communication complexity between nodes. Specifically, a reputation model is proposed to distinguish normal nodes from malicious ones by a punish and reward mechanism. It is applied to ensure that the malicious node merely existing in the bottom layer and the communication complexity in the high layer can be further lowered. Finally, a random selection mechanism is applied in the selection of the leader node. The mechanism can ensure the security of the blockchain network with the characteristics of unpredictability and randomicity. Some experimental results demonstrated that the proposed consensus protocol has excellent performance in comparison to some state-of-the-art models.
区块链已应用于许多领域，如加密货币、智慧城市和数字金融。共识协议是区块链网络的核心部分，它解决了参与方之间交易一致性的问题。然而，随着节点数量的增加，共识协议的可扩展性、效率和安全性受到极大限制。提出了一种基于节点声誉的分层拜占庭容错共识协议（HBFT）。通过将节点分配到不同层来设计两层分层结构，以提高可扩展性。每个节点只需在其组内交换消息，这降低了节点之间的通信复杂度。具体而言，提出了一种声誉模型，通过惩罚和奖励机制区分正常节点和恶意节点。该模型用于确保恶意节点仅存在于底层，从而进一步降低高层的通信复杂度。最后，在领导节点的选择中应用了随机选择机制。该机制具有不可预测性和随机性，可确保区块链网络的安全性。一些实验结果表明，与一些最新模型相比，所提出的共识协议具有优异的性能。
