Ogunbajo Adedotun, Ojikutu Bisola O
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, United States.
Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, 9 Bow St, Cambridge, MA, United States.
Vaccine X. 2022 Dec;12:100196. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100196. Epub 2022 Aug 6.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected the Black community in the United States (U.S.). The emergency authorization of three COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S.-issued between December 2020 and February 2021-will significantly reduce hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19. To date, no published study on COVID-19 vaccine acceptability among Black individuals in the U.S. has examined the unique experiences of Black immigrants.
Between January and February 2021, we conducted an online quantitative survey of first and second generation Black immigrants across the U.S. (n = 388). We fit bivariate and multivariable multinomial logistic regression models to examine acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccines.
Overall, 57% of participants reported that they would get the COVID-19 vaccine immediately if it was available to them or had already received at least one dose of the vaccine, 37% would delay getting the vaccine, and 6% indicated that they would never get the vaccine. Compared to participants who reported that they would get the COVID-19 vaccine immediately/had already received at least one dose, participants who indicated that they would never get the vaccine were more likely to have an associate's degree or lower [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 9.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.34 to 36.6] and a bachelor's degree (aOR 3.79; 95% CI: 1.14 to 12.6) compared to having a master's degree or higher. Additionally, compared to participants who reported that they would get the COVID-19 vaccine immediately/had already received at least one dose, participants who indicated that they would delay getting the COVID-19 vaccine were more likely to: identify as female (aOR 2.62; 95% CI: 1.45 to 4.72), identify as heterosexual (aOR 4.33; 95% CI: 1.46 to 12.9), report having been employed in healthcare operations and care delivery in the previous 6 months (aOR 2.08; 95% CI: 1.02 to 4.25), and history of a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis (aOR 2.44; 95% CI: 1.15 to 5.19).
Our results suggest that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy may be high among Black immigrants in the U.S. We found that lower educational attainment, being female, and employment in healthcare setting were associated with vaccine refusal and delay. Culturally-relevant interventions are needed to ensure optimal vaccination rates among this vulnerable population.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）对美国黑人社区的影响尤为严重。2020年12月至2021年2月期间，美国紧急批准了三种COVID-19疫苗，这将显著减少因COVID-19导致的住院和死亡人数。迄今为止，在美国黑人中尚未有已发表的关于COVID-19疫苗可接受性的研究考察过黑人移民的独特经历。
2021年1月至2月期间，我们对美国各地的第一代和第二代黑人移民进行了一项在线定量调查（n = 388）。我们拟合了双变量和多变量多项逻辑回归模型，以检验COVID-19疫苗的可接受性。
总体而言，57%的参与者表示，如果有COVID-19疫苗可供他们使用，他们会立即接种，或者已经接种了至少一剂疫苗；37%的参与者会推迟接种疫苗；6%的参与者表示他们永远不会接种疫苗。与表示会立即接种COVID-19疫苗/已经接种了至少一剂疫苗的参与者相比，表示永远不会接种疫苗的参与者更有可能拥有副学士学位或更低学历[调整后的优势比（aOR）为9.25；95%置信区间（CI）：2.34至36.6]，与拥有硕士学位或更高学历相比，拥有学士学位的可能性也更大（aOR为3.79；95%CI：1.14至12.6）。此外，与表示会立即接种COVID-19疫苗/已经接种了至少一剂疫苗的参与者相比，表示会推迟接种COVID-19疫苗的参与者更有可能：女性身份认同（aOR为2.62；95%CI：1.45至4.72）、异性恋身份认同（aOR为4.33；95%CI：1.46至12.9）、报告在过去6个月内从事过医疗保健运营和护理工作（aOR为2.08；95%CI：1.02至4.25）以及有实验室确诊的COVID-19诊断史（aOR为2.44；95%CI：1.15至5.19）。
我们的结果表明，美国黑人移民中对COVID-19疫苗的犹豫态度可能较高。我们发现，较低的教育程度、女性身份以及在医疗保健环境中的工作与拒绝和推迟接种疫苗有关。需要采取与文化相关的干预措施，以确保这一弱势群体的最佳疫苗接种率。
