Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2022 Oct 1;27(5):371-375. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000001018. Epub 2022 Aug 9.
Antibody-mediated rejection (AbMR) after solid organ transplantation is tightly controlled by multiple cells of the immune system. Tfh and Tfr cells are essential controllers of antibody responses making them putative targets for therapeutics. However, the mechanisms of how Tfh and Tfr cells regulate B cell and antibody responses are not completely understood. Here, we summarize recent studies elucidating the functions of T follicular helper (Tfh) and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells as well as their possible roles in regulating AbMR in solid organ transplantation.
New tools have been developed to study the roles of Tfh and Tfr cells in specific disease states, including AbMR after solid organ transplantation. These tools suggest complex roles for Tfh and Tfr cells in controlling antibody responses. Nevertheless, studies in solid organ transplant rejection suggest that Tfh and Tfr cells may be high value targets for therapeutics. However, specific strategies to target these cells are still being investigated.
AbMR is still a substantial clinical problem that restricts long-term survival after solid organ transplantation. Growing evidence has demonstrated a pivotal role for Tfh and Tfr cells in controlling AbMR. In addition to providing an early indication of rejection as a biomarker, targeting Tfh and Tfr cells as a therapeutic strategy offers new hope for alleviating AbMR.
实体器官移植后抗体介导的排斥反应（AbMR）受免疫系统多种细胞的严密控制。滤泡辅助性 T 细胞（Tfh）和滤泡调节性 T 细胞（Tfr）是抗体反应的重要调控细胞，因此成为治疗的潜在靶点。然而，Tfh 和 Tfr 细胞调节 B 细胞和抗体反应的机制尚不完全清楚。本文总结了近期阐明 Tfh 和 Tfr 细胞在调节实体器官移植中 AbMR 中的功能及其可能作用的研究。
已开发出新的工具来研究 Tfh 和 Tfr 细胞在特定疾病状态中的作用，包括实体器官移植后的 AbMR。这些工具提示 Tfh 和 Tfr 细胞在控制抗体反应中具有复杂的作用。尽管如此，实体器官移植排斥反应的研究表明，Tfh 和 Tfr 细胞可能是治疗的高价值靶点。然而，针对这些细胞的具体策略仍在研究中。
AbMR 仍然是实体器官移植后限制长期存活的重要临床问题。越来越多的证据表明 Tfh 和 Tfr 细胞在控制 AbMR 中起关键作用。除了作为排斥反应的早期生物标志物外，将 Tfh 和 Tfr 细胞作为治疗策略也为缓解 AbMR 带来了新的希望。
