Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan,
Research and Education Centre for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan.
Zoolog Sci. 2022 Aug;39(4). doi: 10.2108/zs210121.
The black kite () is widespread in the "Old World" and is a common raptor species in Japan. However, examples of regional population dynamics and genetic research are limited. To reconsider the natural history and current status of the black kite in Japan, we analyzed the genetic diversity of the Japanese black kite population. We collected 59 black kite samples from 22 locations across Japan and extracted DNA; 1585 bp sequences of the cytochrome b and control region, which form part of the mitochondrial DNA, were determined for genetic analysis of the population. Consequently, six haplotypes were detected in 59 individuals, 50 of which had the same major haplotype, namely, Mm1. Moreover, the genetic analysis indicated that the Japanese black kite population would fit the population expansion model. Phylogenetic analysis using sequences obtained in this study or from a DNA database indicated that the Japanese black kite population can be divided into two groups: (1) Mm1 and its close haplotypes and (2) Mm5. The sequence of Mm1 was exactly the same as that of black kite in Pakistan, India, and Korea, suggesting that this haplotype is generally widespread in East Eurasia, and that the ancestral haplotype of the Japanese population likely migrated from continental East Asia and expanded its distribution throughout Japan. In summary, we found that the black kite population in East Eurasia, including Japan, is composed of at least two lineages.
黑鸢 () 广泛分布于“旧大陆”，是日本常见的猛禽物种。然而，有关区域种群动态和遗传研究的例子有限。为了重新审视日本黑鸢的自然历史和现状，我们分析了日本黑鸢种群的遗传多样性。我们从日本 22 个地点收集了 59 只黑鸢样本并提取了 DNA；对种群进行遗传分析时，确定了细胞色素 b 和控制区的 1585 个碱基对序列，它们构成了线粒体 DNA 的一部分。结果，在 59 只个体中检测到 6 种单倍型，其中 50 种具有相同的主要单倍型，即 Mm1。此外，遗传分析表明日本黑鸢种群符合种群扩张模型。使用本研究中获得的序列或从 DNA 数据库中获得的序列进行的系统发育分析表明，日本黑鸢种群可以分为两组：(1) Mm1 及其近缘单倍型和(2) Mm5。Mm1 的序列与巴基斯坦、印度和韩国的黑鸢完全相同，表明该单倍型在东亚广泛分布，日本种群的祖先单倍型可能从东亚大陆迁徙而来，并在日本各地扩大其分布。总之，我们发现包括日本在内的欧亚大陆的黑鸢种群由至少两个谱系组成。
