Mauch Chelsea E, Edney Sarah M, Viana John Noel M, Gondalia Shakuntla, Sellak Hamza, Boud Sarah J, Nixon Dakota D, Ryan Jillian C
Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Physical Activity and Nutrition Determinants in Asia (PANDA) Programme, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.
Prev Med. 2022 Oct;163:107192. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107192. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
Precision health seeks to optimise behavioural interventions by delivering personalised support to those in need, when and where they need it. Conceptualised a decade ago, progress toward this vision of personally relevant and effective population-wide interventions continues to evolve. This scoping review aimed to map the state of precision health behaviour change intervention research. This review included studies from a broader precision health review. Six databases were searched for studies published between January 2010 and June 2020, using the terms 'precision health' or its synonyms, and including an intervention targeting modifiable health behaviour(s) that was evaluated experimentally. Thirty-one studies were included, 12 being RCTs (39%), and 17 with weak study design (55%). Most interventions targeted physical activity (27/31, 87%) and/or diet (24/31, 77%), with 74% (23/31) targeting two to four health behaviours. Interventions were personalised via human interaction in 55% (17/31) and digitally in 35% (11/31). Data used for personalising interventions was largely self-reported, by survey or diary (14/31, 45%), or digitally (14/31, 45%). Data was mostly behavioural or lifestyle (20/31, 65%), and physiologic, biochemical or clinical (15/31, 48%), with no studies utilising genetic/genomic data. This review demonstrated that precision health behaviour change interventions remain dependent on human-led, low-tech personalisation, and have not fully considered the interaction between behaviour and the social and environmental contexts of individuals. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between personalisation and intervention effectiveness, working toward the development of sophisticated and scalable behaviour change interventions that have tangible public health impact.
精准健康旨在通过在人们需要的时候和地点提供个性化支持，来优化行为干预措施。该理念在十年前就已形成，朝着这一具有个人相关性且有效的全人群干预愿景的进展仍在不断演变。本范围综述旨在梳理精准健康行为改变干预研究的现状。该综述纳入了一项更广泛的精准健康综述中的研究。通过检索六个数据库，查找2010年1月至2020年6月期间发表的研究，使用了“精准健康”或其同义词，并纳入了一项针对可改变健康行为的、经过实验评估的干预措施。共纳入31项研究，其中12项为随机对照试验（39%），17项研究设计薄弱（55%）。大多数干预措施针对身体活动（27/31，87%）和/或饮食（24/31，77%），74%（23/31）的干预措施针对两到四种健康行为。55%（17/31）的干预措施通过人际互动实现个性化，35%（11/31）通过数字化方式实现个性化。用于干预个性化的数据主要是通过调查或日记自我报告的（14/31，45%），或数字化方式（14/31，45%）。数据大多是行为或生活方式方面的（20/31，65%），以及生理、生化或临床方面的（15/31，48%），没有研究使用基因/基因组数据。本综述表明，精准健康行为改变干预措施仍然依赖于人为主导的、低技术含量的个性化方式，并且尚未充分考虑行为与个体社会和环境背景之间的相互作用。需要进一步开展研究，以了解个性化与干预效果之间的关系，致力于开发具有切实公共卫生影响的复杂且可扩展 的行为改变干预措施。
