Ofek Tamir, Lalzar Maya, Izhaki Ido, Halpern Malka
Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
Central Fish Health Laboratory, Fishery and Aquaculture Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 1080300, Nir David, Israel.
Anim Microbiome. 2022 Aug 13;4(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s42523-022-00201-z.
Symbiotic bacteria within the gut microbiome of various organisms, including fish, provide the host with several functions that improve the immune system. Although the spleen plays an important role in the modulation of immune responses, the role of spleen microbiota in shaping the immune system is unclear. Our study aimed at understanding the relationship between fish health and microbiota composition in the intestine and spleen. Our model organism was the hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis aureus × Oreochromis niloticus). We sampled intestine and spleen from healthy and diseased adult tilapia and determined their microbiota composition by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Significant differences were found between the intestine and the spleen microbiota composition of healthy compared to diseased fish as well as between intestines and spleens of fish with the same health condition. The microbiota diversity of healthy fish compared to diseased fish was significantly different as well. In the intestine of healthy fish, Cetobacterium was the most abundant genus while Mycoplasma was the most abundant genus in the spleen. Vibrio was the most abundant genus in the intestine and spleen of diseased fish. Moreover, it seems that there is a co-infection interaction between Vibrio and Aeromonas, which was reflected in the spleen of diseased fish. While Vibrio, Aeromonas and Streptococcus were the probable pathogens in the diseased fish, the role of Mycoplasma as a pathogen of cultured hybrid tilapia remains uncertain. We conclude that the intestine and spleen microbiota composition is strongly related to the health condition of the fish.
包括鱼类在内的各种生物的肠道微生物群中的共生细菌为宿主提供了多种改善免疫系统的功能。尽管脾脏在免疫反应的调节中起着重要作用，但脾脏微生物群在塑造免疫系统中的作用尚不清楚。我们的研究旨在了解鱼类健康与肠道和脾脏中微生物群组成之间的关系。我们的模式生物是杂交罗非鱼（奥利亚罗非鱼×尼罗罗非鱼）。我们从健康和患病的成年罗非鱼中采集肠道和脾脏样本，并通过对16S rRNA基因进行测序来确定它们的微生物群组成。结果发现，健康鱼与患病鱼的肠道和脾脏微生物群组成之间存在显著差异，以及相同健康状况的鱼的肠道和脾脏之间也存在显著差异。健康鱼与患病鱼的微生物群多样性也有显著差异。在健康鱼的肠道中，鲸杆菌是最丰富的属，而支原体是脾脏中最丰富的属。弧菌是患病鱼肠道和脾脏中最丰富的属。此外，弧菌和气单胞菌之间似乎存在共感染相互作用，这在患病鱼的脾脏中有所体现。虽然弧菌、气单胞菌和链球菌可能是患病鱼的病原体，但支原体作为养殖杂交罗非鱼病原体的作用仍不确定。我们得出结论，肠道和脾脏微生物群组成与鱼类的健康状况密切相关。
