CESIMAR, CCT Centro Nacional Patagónico - CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2825, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
CESIMAR, CCT Centro Nacional Patagónico - CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2825, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 1;850:157958. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157958. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
Increases in human population lead to an increase in urban wastes, which could affect wildlife in several ways. Urban pollutants can affect erythrocytes of birds generating morphological membrane and nuclear anomalies. The Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) is an opportunistic species, which take advantage of urban environments, thus being highly exposed to environmental pollution. In northeastern Patagonia, the dynamic of the waste management was transformed in the last decade and consequently, gulls changed their movements in response to changes in waste management systems. The food available to the seagulls went from being a mixture of urban/fishing discards until 2015, when this landfill closures, to being domestic urban offerings. In order of evaluating genotoxicity and changes in pollutants exposition due to these changes, we analyzed the frequencies of erythrocytes nuclear abnormalities and micronuclei (ENAs and MN respectively) in 58 blood smears from adults extracted during the non-breeding season in two periods in landfills with different waste compositions: a mixed landfill (ML) in 2013 before closure (n = 24) versus an urban landfill (UL) (n = 34) in 2021. We found that the Kelp Gull showed high values of abnormalities with an average of 151.5 /10,000 RBC in comparison with other seabird species. The bud and notched types of ENAs were the most prevalent abnormalities in both sites. We did not find significate differences in the overall abnormality frequency between sites, however we found significant higher frequencies in displaced and tailed types of ENAs in ML. We also found poikilocytosis, as seen previously in other animals exposed experimentally to pollutants such as metals and crude oil. Cellular abnormalities found in the Kelp Gull suggest an exposition of individuals to pollutants in foraging areas. The hemispheric distribution and the synanthropic characteristics of the species denote its importance as a suitable global monitor of genotoxicity.
人口增长导致城市废物增加，这可能以多种方式影响野生动物。城市污染物会影响鸟类的红细胞，导致形态学膜和核异常。黑背鸥（Larus dominicanus）是一种机会主义物种，它利用城市环境，因此高度暴露于环境污染中。在巴塔哥尼亚东北部，过去十年中，废物管理的动态发生了变化，因此海鸥为了适应废物管理系统的变化而改变了它们的行动。海鸥可获取的食物从 2015 年之前的城市/渔业废弃物混合物，变成了城市生活垃圾。为了评估由于这些变化导致的遗传毒性和污染物暴露的变化，我们分析了在两个不同废物组成的垃圾填埋场的非繁殖季节中采集的 58 个成年血液涂片的红细胞核异常和微核（ENAs 和 MN 分别）的频率：一个混合垃圾填埋场（ML）在 2013 年关闭之前（n = 24）与一个城市垃圾填埋场（UL）（n = 34）在 2021 年。我们发现，与其他海鸟物种相比，黑背鸥的异常值很高，平均值为 151.5 / 10,000 RBC。芽和缺口型 ENA 是两个地点最常见的异常类型。我们没有发现地点之间整体异常频率的显著差异，但在 ML 中发现了明显更高的 ENA 移位和尾部类型频率。我们还发现了多形性，这在其他动物暴露于污染物（如金属和原油）的实验中也有发现。黑背鸥中发现的细胞异常表明个体在觅食区受到污染物的暴露。该物种的半球分布和人类栖息特征表明其作为遗传毒性的全球监测器的重要性。
