From the Department of Preventive Medicine (AL-Ghamdi), Health Surveillance Center, Ministry of Health, Al Medina Al Munawarah; from the Department of Community Medicine (Al-Raddadi, Ramadan, Bin Hayd), Faculty of Medicine; from the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Mirza), Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University; from the Department of Medical Records (Alsaab), King Abdullah Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Jeddah; from the Department of Preventive Dentistry (Alobaidi), Ministry of Health, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; from the Department of Community Medicine (Ramadan), Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; and from the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (Mirza), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Saudi Med J. 2022 Aug;43(8):915-926. doi: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.8.20220182.
To assess the survival of COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia and to investigate possible mortality predictors.
This is a retrospective cohort study involving 248 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 who were admitted to the primary COVID-19 referral hospital in Jeddah between March and June of 2020. Socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory investigations, management protocols, complications, treatment options, and mortality data were extracted from electronic medical records. The time analysis began at the first signs of illness thorough discharge or death.
Our study showed that in-hospital complications including heart failure followed by acute renal failure had the largest effect size on mortality (<0.001). Elderly patients and those with comorbid asthma had a higher risk of death. Non-survivors presented more commonly with shortness of breath and fever than survivors. High D-Dimer level was a marginally significant indicator of mortality in the studied population (=0.05). We did not find a significant benefit in relation to any treatment option.
Age, asthma, some in-hospital complications are important survival indicators in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The controllable co-factors should be monitored and managed by healthcare workers to reduce mortality rates in those hospitalized with COVID-19.
评估沙特阿拉伯 COVID-19 患者的生存率，并探讨可能的死亡预测因素。
这是一项回顾性队列研究，涉及 2020 年 3 月至 6 月期间在吉达的主要 COVID-19 转诊医院住院的 248 例严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 患者。从电子病历中提取社会人口统计学特征、合并症、实验室检查、管理方案、并发症、治疗选择和死亡率数据。时间分析从疾病的最初迹象开始，直到出院或死亡。
我们的研究表明，住院期间的并发症，包括心力衰竭，其次是急性肾衰竭，对死亡率的影响最大（<0.001）。老年患者和合并哮喘的患者死亡风险更高。非幸存者比幸存者更常见呼吸急促和发热。高 D-二聚体水平是研究人群中死亡率的一个边缘显著指标（=0.05）。我们没有发现任何治疗选择有显著获益。
年龄、哮喘、一些住院期间的并发症是住院 COVID-19 患者的重要生存指标。医护人员应监测和管理可控的合并症，以降低 COVID-19 住院患者的死亡率。
