Division of Neuro-ophthalmology, Departments of Medicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2022;187:191-210. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823493-8.00019-5.
Face perception is a socially important but complex process with many stages and many facets. There is substantial evidence from many sources that it involves a large extent of the temporal lobe, from the ventral occipitotemporal cortex and superior temporal sulci to anterior temporal regions. While early human neuroimaging work suggested a core face network consisting of the occipital face area, fusiform face area, and posterior superior temporal sulcus, studies in both humans and monkeys show a system of face patches stretching from posterior to anterior in both the superior temporal sulcus and inferotemporal cortex. Sophisticated techniques such as fMRI adaptation have shown that these face-activated regions show responses that have many of the attributes of human face processing. Lesions of some of these regions in humans lead to variants of prosopagnosia, the inability to recognize the identity of a face. Lesion, imaging, and electrophysiologic data all suggest that there is a segregation between identity and expression processing, though some suggest this may be better characterized as a distinction between static and dynamic facial information.
面部感知是一个具有许多阶段和多个方面的具有重要社会意义的复杂过程。大量来自不同来源的证据表明，它涉及颞叶的很大一部分，从腹侧枕颞皮质和颞上沟到颞前区域。虽然早期的人类神经影像学研究表明，一个由枕面区、梭状回面部区和后颞上沟组成的核心面部网络，但在人类和猴子中的研究表明，从颞上沟和下颞叶皮质的后部到前部，存在一个面部斑块系统。诸如 fMRI 适应等复杂技术表明，这些被激活的面部区域的反应具有许多人类面部处理的属性。这些区域中的一些损伤会导致人面失认症（prosopagnosia）的变体，即无法识别面部的身份。损伤、成像和电生理数据都表明，身份和表情处理之间存在分离，尽管有人认为这可能更好地描述为静态和动态面部信息之间的区别。
