Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2022;187:211-220. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823493-8.00013-4.
This chapter explores the involvement of the temporal lobes in distinct language functions. The examination of cases of localized damage to the temporal lobes and the resulting pattern of impairment across language tasks and types of errors made can reveal clear neural regions and associated networks essential for word comprehension, semantics, naming, reading, and spelling. Key regions implicated in these functions include left superior temporal gyrus posterior to the temporal pole in word comprehension, bilateral anterior temporal lobes in semantics, left posterior inferior temporal gyrus (pITG) in naming, and left pITG and fusiform cortex in reading and spelling. Results we review provide evidence that the temporal lobes have a critical role in many language tasks. Although various areas and associated white matter tracts work together in supporting language, damage to specific regions of the temporal lobes results in distinct and relatively predictable impairments of language functions.
这一章探讨了颞叶在不同语言功能中的参与。对颞叶局部损伤的案例进行检查，以及在语言任务和所犯错误类型方面的损伤模式，可以揭示出理解单词、语义、命名、阅读和拼写所需的明确神经区域和相关网络。涉及这些功能的关键区域包括左颞上回后部（颞极后）的单词理解、双侧前颞叶的语义、命名的左后下颞回（pITG）、阅读和拼写的左 pITG 和梭状回。我们回顾的结果提供了证据，证明颞叶在许多语言任务中都起着关键作用。尽管各种区域和相关的白质束一起共同支持语言，但颞叶特定区域的损伤会导致语言功能的明显且相对可预测的损伤。
