Division of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Departments of Neurology and Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
Division of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Departments of Neurology and Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2022;187:303-317. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823493-8.00023-7.
The anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) have been shown to be crucial for recognition and naming of unique entities such as persons and places. In this chapter, we review previous research that identified the neural underpinnings of these processes, and discuss the convergence zone theory of conceptual knowledge and proper name retrieval. Lesion-deficit and neuroimaging studies have found that the temporal poles are essential for recognition and naming of unique persons and places. Research has shown laterality, in that the right anterior temporal pole is specialized for recognition and the left for naming. Here, we analyzed recognition and naming of persons and landmarks in a large neurologic sample (N=244) using the Iowa Famous Faces and Famous Landmarks tests. For both categories, education had a significant effect on recognition and naming performances, but age and gender did not. Lesion-symptom maps revealed lower naming scores for both Faces and Landmarks associated with lesions to the anterior and mesial left temporal lobe. Lower recognition scores were also linked to left temporal lobe damage, possibly due to the method we used for measuring recognition (verbally based). Overall, the results demonstrate the importance of the temporal lobes for recognition and naming of unique persons and places.
前颞叶（ATLs）对于识别和命名独特的实体（如人和地点）至关重要。在本章中，我们回顾了先前确定这些过程神经基础的研究，并讨论了概念知识和专有名称检索的汇聚区理论。病变-缺陷和神经影像学研究发现，颞极对于独特的人和地点的识别和命名是必不可少的。研究表明了侧化，即右前颞极专门用于识别，而左前颞极用于命名。在这里，我们使用爱荷华州著名面孔和著名地标测试分析了大量神经科样本（N=244）中的人物和地标识别和命名。对于这两个类别，教育对识别和命名表现都有显著影响，但年龄和性别没有影响。病变-症状图显示，与左前颞叶和内侧颞叶损伤相关的面孔和地标在命名方面的得分较低。较低的识别分数也与左颞叶损伤有关，这可能是由于我们用于测量识别的方法（基于口头）。总的来说，这些结果表明了颞叶对于识别和命名独特的人和地点的重要性。
