Sah Diksha, Rai J P N, Ghosh Ankita, Chakraborty Moumita
Department of Environmental Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263145 India.
3 Biotech. 2022 Sep;12(9):218. doi: 10.1007/s13205-022-03277-1. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
The discharge of potentially toxic petroleum hydrocarbons into the environment has been a matter of concern, as these organic pollutants accumulate in many ecosystems due to their hydrophobicity and low bioavailability. Petroleum hydrocarbons are neurotoxic and carcinogenic organic pollutants, extremely harmful to human and environmental health. Traditional treatment methods for removing hydrocarbons from polluted areas, including various mechanical and chemical strategies, are ineffective and costly. However, many indigenous microorganisms in soil and water can utilise hydrocarbon compounds as sources of carbon and energy and hence, can be employed to degrade hydrocarbon contaminants. Therefore, bioremediation using bacteria that degrade petroleum hydrocarbons is commonly viewed as an environmentally acceptable and effective method. The efficacy of bioremediation can be boosted further by using potential biosurfactant-producing microorganisms, as biosurfactants reduce surface tension, promote emulsification and micelle formation, making hydrocarbons bio-available for microbial breakdown. Further, introducing nanoparticles can improve the solubility of hydrophobic hydrocarbons as well as microbial synthesis of biosurfactants, hence establishing a favourable environment for microbial breakdown of these chemicals. The review provides insights into the role of microbes in the bioremediation of soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and emphasises the significance of biosurfactants and potential biosurfactant-producing bacteria. The review partly focusses on how nanotechnology is being employed in different critical bioremediation processes.
向环境中排放具有潜在毒性的石油碳氢化合物一直是人们关注的问题，因为这些有机污染物因其疏水性和低生物可利用性而在许多生态系统中积累。石油碳氢化合物是具有神经毒性和致癌性的有机污染物，对人类和环境健康极其有害。从污染区域去除碳氢化合物的传统处理方法，包括各种机械和化学策略，既无效又昂贵。然而，土壤和水中的许多本土微生物可以利用碳氢化合物作为碳源和能源，因此可用于降解碳氢化合物污染物。因此，利用降解石油碳氢化合物的细菌进行生物修复通常被视为一种环境可接受且有效的方法。通过使用潜在的产生物表面活性剂微生物可以进一步提高生物修复的效果，因为生物表面活性剂可降低表面张力、促进乳化和胶束形成，使碳氢化合物可被微生物分解利用。此外，引入纳米颗粒可以提高疏水性碳氢化合物的溶解度以及生物表面活性剂的微生物合成，从而为这些化学物质的微生物分解创造有利环境。本综述深入探讨了微生物在被石油碳氢化合物污染土壤的生物修复中的作用，并强调了生物表面活性剂和潜在产生物表面活性剂细菌的重要性。该综述部分聚焦于纳米技术如何应用于不同的关键生物修复过程。
