Fang Mei, Xia Fan, Chen Yuqi, Shen Yuke, Ma Lu, You Chao, Tao Chuanyuan, Hu Xin
Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Front Mol Neurosci. 2022 Jul 28;15:932931. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.932931. eCollection 2022.
Erythrocytes undergo certain morphological changes resembling apoptosis during senescence or in an abnormal state/site, which is termed eryptosis. This process is characterized by phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, membrane blebbing, and cell shrinkage. Eryptotic erythrocytes are subsequently removed macrophage-mediated efferocytosis. In hemorrhagic stroke (HS), blood within an artery rapidly bleeds into the brain tissue or the subarachnoid space, resulting in severe neurological deficits. A hypoxic, over-oxidative, and pro-inflammatory microenvironment in the hematoma leads to oxidative stress, hyperosmotic shock, energy depletion, and Cl removal in erythrocytes, which eventually triggers eryptosis. In addition, eryptosis following intracerebral hemorrhage favors hematoma clearance, which sheds light on a common mechanism of intrinsic phagocytosis. In this review, we summarized the canonical mechanisms of eryptosis and discussed its pathological conditions associated with HS. Understanding the role of eryptosis in HS may uncover additional potential interventions for further translational clinical research.
红细胞在衰老过程中或处于异常状态/部位时会经历某些类似于凋亡的形态变化，这一过程被称为红细胞凋亡。该过程的特征是磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）暴露、膜泡形成和细胞收缩。随后，凋亡红细胞通过巨噬细胞介导的胞葬作用被清除。在出血性中风（HS）中，动脉内的血液迅速渗入脑组织或蛛网膜下腔，导致严重的神经功能缺损。血肿内的缺氧、过度氧化和促炎微环境会导致红细胞内的氧化应激、高渗休克、能量耗竭和氯离子清除，最终引发红细胞凋亡。此外，脑出血后的红细胞凋亡有利于血肿清除，这为内在吞噬作用的共同机制提供了线索。在本综述中，我们总结了红细胞凋亡的经典机制，并讨论了其与HS相关的病理状况。了解红细胞凋亡在HS中的作用可能会为进一步的转化临床研究揭示更多潜在的干预措施。
