Chen Ganggang, Shi Fenglei, Yin Wei, Guo Yao, Liu Anru, Shuai Jiacheng, Sun Jinhao
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Department of Othopaedics, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Jul 29;13:916765. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.916765. eCollection 2022.
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a high-risk psychiatric disorder and a key cause of death and disability in individuals. In the development of AUD, there is a connection known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis, where alcohol use disrupts the gut barrier, resulting in changes in intestinal permeability as well as the gut microbiota composition, which in turn impairs brain function and worsens the patient's mental status and gut activity. Potential mechanisms are explored by which alcohol alters gut and brain function through the effects of the gut microbiota and their metabolites on immune and inflammatory pathways. Alcohol and microbiota dysregulation regulating neurotransmitter release, including DA, 5-HT, and GABA, are also discussed. Thus, based on the above discussion, it is possible to speculate on the gut microbiota as an underlying target for the treatment of diseases associated with alcohol addiction. This review will focus more on how alcohol and gut microbiota affect the structure and function of the gut and brain, specific changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, and some measures to mitigate the changes caused by alcohol exposure. This leads to a potential intervention for alcohol addiction through fecal microbiota transplantation, which could normalize the disruption of gut microbiota after AUD.
酒精使用障碍（AUD）是一种高风险的精神疾病，也是个体死亡和残疾的主要原因。在AUD的发展过程中，存在一种被称为微生物群-肠道-脑轴的联系，饮酒会破坏肠道屏障，导致肠道通透性以及肠道微生物群组成发生变化，进而损害脑功能，使患者的精神状态和肠道活动恶化。研究人员探讨了酒精通过肠道微生物群及其代谢产物对免疫和炎症途径的影响来改变肠道和脑功能的潜在机制。还讨论了酒精和微生物群失调对神经递质释放的调节作用，包括多巴胺（DA）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）。因此，基于上述讨论，可以推测肠道微生物群是治疗与酒精成瘾相关疾病的潜在靶点。本综述将更多地关注酒精和肠道微生物群如何影响肠道和脑的结构与功能、肠道微生物群组成的具体变化，以及减轻酒精暴露所引起变化的一些措施。这引发了通过粪便微生物群移植对酒精成瘾进行潜在干预的可能性，粪便微生物群移植可使AUD后肠道微生物群的破坏恢复正常。
