Shenoi Ramakrishna, Rajguru Jignesh, Sangani Simran, Kolte Vrinda, Bhave Ishani, Karmarkar Jui, Situt Nimish, Gajbhiye Mayank
Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Sugery, VSPM Dental College & Research Centre, Nagpur, India.
J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2022 Sep-Oct;12(5):651-655. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.07.012. Epub 2022 Aug 8.
Oral and maxillofacial injuries can be defined as injuries involving soft and hard tissue structures of the facial region and oral cavity, including the teeth and vital structures of the head and neck area as a result of trauma The maxillofacial injuries are multifactorial and vary from one country to another and even from region to region. Despite, societal restrictions imposed by the government in the form of lockdowns and curfews, patients still experienced trauma and required significant healthcare services for management.
Patients of either gender reporting to the emergency department of Lata Mangeshkar Hospital with maxillofacial injuries, attended by residents of OMFS from October 2019 to August 2020 were included in the retrospective study. The demographic data about age, gender and status pertaining to under the influence of alcohol was recorded. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the changing patterns of the maxillofacial injuries during the Covid-19 pandemic.
In the present study, the road traffic accidents were 72.50% pre-lockdown which reduced to 47.37% during the alcohol ban and nationwide lockdown and gradually increased to 63.83% post-lockdown. The second most common cause of maxillofacial injury was falls which showed a significant increase from 22.50% before the lockdown to 31.58% during the lockdown and decreased to 26.6% after lockdown during the pandemic. There was an increase in the number of assaults from 2.50% pre-lockdown to 15.79% during the lockdown and again a decrease to 6.38% post-lockdown.
Our study demonstrates the impact of nationwide lockdown in the month of April and May 2020, may have an association with the significant statistical decrease in the monthly average number of trauma admissions. There was a significant decrease in the number of road traffic collisions and falls during the "lockdown period".
The etiology and pattern of maxillofacial injuries reflect the trauma pattern within the community. We need more coordinated strategies of action to minimize maxillofacial injuries and its implication on physical and psychological wellbeing of patients.
口腔颌面部损伤可定义为涉及面部区域和口腔软硬组织结构的损伤，包括牙齿以及因外伤导致的头颈部重要结构损伤。颌面部损伤是多因素造成的，因国家不同甚至地区不同而有所差异。尽管政府通过封锁和宵禁等形式实施了社会限制措施，但患者仍会遭受创伤，需要大量医疗服务进行治疗。
本回顾性研究纳入了2019年10月至2020年8月期间因口腔颌面部损伤到拉塔·曼格什卡尔医院急诊科就诊、由口腔颌面外科住院医师诊治的患者。记录了患者的年龄、性别以及饮酒相关状况等人口统计学数据。本回顾性研究的目的是评估新冠疫情期间口腔颌面部损伤模式的变化。
在本研究中，道路交通事故在封锁前占72.50%，在禁酒和全国封锁期间降至47.37%，封锁后逐渐升至63.83%。口腔颌面部损伤的第二大常见原因是跌倒，跌倒发生率从封锁前的22.50%显著增至封锁期间的31.58%，在疫情期间封锁后降至26.6%。袭击事件数量从封锁前的2.50%增至封锁期间的15.79%，封锁后又降至6.38%。
我们的研究表明，2020年4月和5月的全国封锁可能与创伤入院月平均数量的显著统计学下降有关。在“封锁期”，道路交通事故和跌倒的数量显著减少。
口腔颌面部损伤的病因和模式反映了社区内的创伤模式。我们需要更协调的行动策略，以尽量减少口腔颌面部损伤及其对患者身心健康的影响。
