Li Jincheng, Zhang Manqi, Zhou Lijuan
College of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jul 27;13:956231. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.956231. eCollection 2022.
Protein S-acylation, also known as palmitoylation, is an important lipid post-translational modification of proteins in eukaryotes. S-acylation plays critical roles in a variety of protein functions involved in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. The status of S-acylation on proteins is dynamic and reversible, which is catalyzed by protein S-acyltransferases (PATs) and reversed by acyl protein thioesterases. The cycle of S-acylation and de-S-acylation provides a molecular mechanism for membrane-associated proteins to undergo cycling and trafficking between different cell compartments and thus works as a switch to initiate or terminate particular signaling transductions on the membrane surface. In plants, thousands of proteins have been identified to be S-acylated through proteomics. Many S-acylated proteins and quite a few PAT-substrate pairs have been functionally characterized. A recently characterized acyl protein thioesterases family, ABAPT family proteins in , has provided new insights into the de-S-acylation process. However, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling the S-acylation and de-S-acylation process is surprisingly incomplete. In this review, we discuss how protein S-acylation level is regulated with the focus on catalyzing enzymes in plants. We also propose the challenges and potential developments for the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling protein S-acylation in plants.
蛋白质S-酰化，也称为棕榈酰化，是真核生物中蛋白质重要的脂质翻译后修饰。S-酰化在植物发育以及对非生物和生物胁迫的响应所涉及的多种蛋白质功能中发挥关键作用。蛋白质上的S-酰化状态是动态且可逆的，由蛋白质S-酰基转移酶（PATs）催化，并由酰基蛋白硫酯酶逆转。S-酰化和去S-酰化循环为膜相关蛋白在不同细胞区室之间进行循环和运输提供了一种分子机制，因此起到开关的作用，启动或终止膜表面特定的信号转导。在植物中，通过蛋白质组学已鉴定出数千种蛋白质被S-酰化。许多S-酰化蛋白和不少PAT-底物对已进行了功能表征。最近鉴定的一个酰基蛋白硫酯酶家族，即中的ABAPT家族蛋白，为去S-酰化过程提供了新的见解。然而，我们对控制S-酰化和去S-酰化过程的调控机制的了解惊人地不完整。在本综述中，我们重点讨论植物中催化酶如何调节蛋白质S-酰化水平。我们还提出了在理解植物中控制蛋白质S-酰化调控机制方面的挑战和潜在发展方向。
