Berglund B, Hemmingsson P, Birgegård G
Int J Sports Med. 1987 Apr;8(2):66-70. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1025643.
Transfusion of autologous blood (blood doping) has been used by athletes to improve performance in sports events. This practice has been banned by the International Ski Federation (FIS) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC). So far, no reliable method for detection of blood doping has been available. In the present study, a group of six elite cross-country skiers, who were phlebotomized and retransfused with 1350 ml of blood 4 weeks later, was compared with a control group (n = 7) in whom no blood doping was performed. The blood was stored at +4 degrees C for 4 weeks. Hemoglobin increased by 7.9% from the prephlebotomy level and by 14% from the preinfusion level. The reinfusion of blood caused a 60% reduction (P less than 0.001) in serum erythropoietin in 24 h and a sharp increase (P less than 0.05) in serum iron and bilirubin after a test race performed on the day of reinfusion. It is therefore concluded that a combination of measurements of hemoglobin and bilirubin, iron, and erythropoietin in serum could detect 50% of the blood-doped athletes by a single test sample during the 1st week after reinfusion. If two test samples were used, an increase in Hb of more than 5%, and a decrease in serum erythropoietin by more than 50%, would be discussed in 50% of the blood-doped athletes throughout the first 2 weeks after reinfusion and without implicating any of the controls.
运动员曾采用自体输血（血液兴奋剂）来提高体育赛事中的成绩。这种做法已被国际滑雪联合会（FIS）和国际奥委会（IOC）禁止。到目前为止，尚无可靠的血液兴奋剂检测方法。在本研究中，将一组6名精英越野滑雪运动员与一个对照组（n = 7）进行比较，这组越野滑雪运动员先进行静脉放血，4周后再回输1350毫升血液，而对照组未进行血液兴奋剂操作。血液在4℃下储存4周。血红蛋白水平从放血前升高了7.9%，从回输前升高了14%。回输血液导致血清促红细胞生成素在24小时内降低了60%（P < 0.001），并且在回输当天进行测试赛后，血清铁和胆红素急剧升高（P < 0.05）。因此得出结论，在回输后的第1周内，通过对单个测试样本中的血红蛋白、胆红素、铁和血清促红细胞生成素进行联合测量，可检测出50%使用血液兴奋剂的运动员。如果使用两个测试样本，在回输后的前2周内，50%使用血液兴奋剂的运动员会出现血红蛋白升高超过5%以及血清促红细胞生成素降低超过50%的情况，且不会涉及任何对照组。
