Bodennec G, Desmarquest J P, Jensen B, Kantin R
Int J Environ Anal Chem. 1987;29(3):153-78. doi: 10.1080/03067318708079834.
The fate of an experimental oil pollution of intertidal sediments in a sheltered beach of North Brittany (France) has been investigated over a 16-month period. Chemical treatments were applied to two of the three contaminated plots by pre-mixing oil respectively with dispersant and biodegrading agents. The physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of the polluted areas were followed with the purpose of identifying the limiting parameters for oil microbial degradation and the effect of treatment. The concentration of hydrocarbons in the oiled sediments did not change significantly during the experimental period. Spectrofluorimetric and chromatographic data showed that the main evolution of oil concerns the degradation of n-alkanes and the removal of light aromatics. Biodegradation of hydrocarbons occurred at a measurable rate only during the warm seasons (average temperature 18 +/- 2 degrees C) causing after sixteen months the disappearance of more than 80% of the n-alkanes fraction independently of the pollution sediment level and the chemical treatment of the experimental plots. However, the biodegradation of n-alkanes proceeded during the first months, at different rates, inversely depending on oil content in the collected samples. The main limiting factor is dissolved oxygen according to the fact that spilled oil was located at 3-5 cm depth in a poorly oxygenated zone characterized by low redox potential. Nutrients were not a limiting factor probably due to domestic and agricultural inputs in this area. A marked bacterial growth was observed two weeks after the oil spill with a relative increase in hydrocarbon degrading bacteria with respect to total heterotrophs. Degradation rates, based on C14 n-hexadecane experiments, seem to follow the same way than specific bacterial counts (plate technique). Specific bacteria are always high at the end of our 16 months' field experimentation. In the laboratory as well as in the field experiments, the same behaviour of untreated and chemically treated oil was observed in partially anaerobic sediment.
在16个月的时间里，对法国北布列塔尼一个隐蔽海滩潮间带沉积物的实验性油污命运进行了调查。通过分别将油与分散剂和生物降解剂预混合，对三个受污染地块中的两个进行了化学处理。跟踪污染区域的物理化学和细菌学特征，目的是确定石油微生物降解的限制参数和处理效果。在实验期间，油污沉积物中的碳氢化合物浓度没有显著变化。光谱荧光和色谱数据表明，石油的主要演变涉及正构烷烃的降解和轻质芳烃的去除。碳氢化合物的生物降解仅在温暖季节（平均温度18±2摄氏度）以可测量的速率发生，导致16个月后超过80%的正构烷烃部分消失，与污染沉积物水平和实验地块的化学处理无关。然而，正构烷烃的生物降解在最初几个月以不同的速率进行，这与收集样品中的油含量成反比。主要限制因素是溶解氧，因为泄漏的油位于氧化还原电位低、含氧量低的区域3-5厘米深处。营养物质不是限制因素，可能是由于该地区的生活和农业投入。溢油两周后观察到明显的细菌生长，相对于总异养菌，烃降解细菌相对增加。基于C14正十六烷实验的降解率似乎与特定细菌计数（平板技术）遵循相同的方式。在我们16个月的现场实验结束时，特定细菌数量总是很高。在实验室和现场实验中，在部分厌氧沉积物中观察到未处理和化学处理油的相同行为。
