Determining Full Matrix Constants of Piezoelectric Crystal From a Single Sample Using Partial Electrode Electromechanical Impedance Spectroscopy.

To determine all the material constants of a piezoelectric crystal using the IEEE resonance method or ultrasonic method, several samples with specific geometries and orientations are required, and the obtained results may be somewhat self-contradictory. The resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) can determine full material constants of a single piezoelectric sample by matching the numerically computed eigenfrequencies to the measured resonance spectrum. However, typically the usage of PZT transducers for excitation and reception makes the testing complicated and may add additional mass and damping. In this work, we propose a new method called partial electrode electromechanical impedance spectroscopy (PE-EMIS), which can obtain all the elastic, piezoelectric constants, and related internal frictions of a piezoelectric crystal by just using a single sample without additional transducers. In PE-EMIS, two small PEs are fabricated on one corner of a piezoelectric sample, and the sample's resonance frequencies, along with the internal frictions of the k th eigenmode, can be accurately obtained from the conductance spectrum measured using an impedance analyzer. The PE-EMIS experiment is carried out on a rectangular parallelepiped PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramic, and the extracted material constants are highly repeatable. Three of the extracted elastic constants ( c , c , and c ) are validated by the traditional wave propagation method. Due to its simplicity, convenience, and accuracy, the proposed PE-EMIS is expected to be widely used for characterization of piezoelectric materials in near future.