Pang Kuo, Li Min, Liu Lu, Yang Jun-Lan, Zhao Hong-Jun
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2022 Aug 8;43(8):4008-4017. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202111172.
As sediment is an essential component of rivers, the enrichment of heavy metals in sediment presents a serious threat to the aquatic environment. Many industrial cities are located along the Yellow River, and heavy metal pollution is a prominent problem in these areas. Thus, the study of heavy metal pollution in sediments of the Yellow River basin is of vital significance to the safety of the Yellow River basin ecosystem. In this study, we collected data on the concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Hg) in the sediments of the Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2020. We first analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals based on descriptive statistics and geostatistics and then used the Monte Carlo method to evaluate the probability of the ground accumulation index(), potential ecological risk, and toxicity units. Finally, the number of pollution sources and their contribution rates were determined by combining the positive definite matrix factor (PMF) decomposition model and Pearson correlation analysis. It was found that the mean values of (Pb), (As), (Zn), (Ni), (Cu), (Hg), (Cr), and (Cd) in the Yellow River basin sediments were 26.92, 11.78, 87.17, 31.13, 24.96, 0.07, 73.36, and 0.58 mg·kg, which exceeded the mean soil background values in the Yellow River basin provinces by 1.27, 1.08, 1.26, 1.05, 1.09, 2.32, 1.14, and 5.95 times, respectively, among which Cd exceeded the standard by the largest factor and should be taken seriously. The was ranked as Cd>Hg>Cr>Cu>Pb>Zn>As>Ni, and Cd and Hg showed medium-severe pollution. The proportions of heavy ecological risk in sediments in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin were 18.6%, 15.7%, and 7.1%, respectively, with a decreasing trend. Heavy metals in the sediments of the Yellow River basin were in a low-toxicity state. The PMF-Pearson correlation analysis showed that the four sources of heavy metals in the Yellow River basin sediments were mining sources (42.2%), natural activities (38.3%), agricultural activities (11.6%), and electroplating wastewater (7.9%). The results of this study can provide a basis for developing relevant pollution prevention and control measures in the Yellow River basin.
由于沉积物是河流的重要组成部分，沉积物中重金属的富集对水生环境构成严重威胁。许多工业城市位于黄河沿岸，重金属污染是这些地区的一个突出问题。因此，研究黄河流域沉积物中的重金属污染对黄河流域生态系统安全具有至关重要的意义。在本研究中，我们收集了2000年至2020年黄河流域沉积物中重金属（铅、镉、铬、砷、锌、铜、镍和汞）浓度的数据。我们首先基于描述性统计和地统计学分析了重金属的空间分布特征，然后使用蒙特卡罗方法评估地累积指数（）、潜在生态风险和毒性单位的概率。最后，结合正定矩阵因子（PMF）分解模型和皮尔逊相关分析确定污染源数量及其贡献率。结果发现，黄河流域沉积物中铅、砷、锌、镍、铜、汞、铬和镉的平均值分别为26.92、11.78、87.17、31.13、24.96、0.07、73.36和0.58mg·kg，分别超过黄河流域各省土壤背景平均值的1.27、1.08、1.26、1.05、1.09、2.32、1.14和5.95倍，其中镉超标倍数最大，应予以重视。地累积指数排序为镉>汞>铬>铜>铅>锌>砷>镍，镉和汞呈现中重度污染。黄河流域上游、中游和下游沉积物中重生态风险的比例分别为18.6%、15.7%和7.1%，呈下降趋势。黄河流域沉积物中的重金属处于低毒性状态。PMF-皮尔逊相关分析表明，黄河流域沉积物中重金属的四个来源分别是采矿源（42.2%）、自然活动（38.3%）、农业活动（11.6%）和电镀废水（7.9%）。本研究结果可为黄河流域制定相关污染防治措施提供依据。
