Wu Yan-Qi, Song Shuai, Shi Ya-Juan, Liu Ying, Yang Sheng-Jie
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2022 Aug 8;43(8):4074-4086. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202111166.
Emerging pollutants are frequently detected in surface water, threatening the regional aquatic ecosystem and human health. Due to their complex types and large differences in risk and toxicity, research based on the comprehensive assessment of the pollution characteristics to determine the new priority pollutants remains incomplete. This study established a multi-criterion scoring method targeting 41 emerging pollutants with the goal of protecting aquatic organisms and human health, using five key indicators including environmental exposure level, persistence, bioaccumulation, ecological risk, and health risk of pollutants. The emerging pollutants were screened and identified in the surface water of Tianjin. The priority levels of different congeners were divided, and the ecological and health risks of pollutants in the priority control list were evaluated. The results showed that 41 emerging pollutants were generally detected in the study area. The average concentration of sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) and other drugs (Others) were the largest, with 200.04 ng·L and 176.30 ng·L, respectively, followed by perfluorinated compounds (PFASs, 57.98 ng·L). In terms of pollutant categories, high-priority emerging pollutants were dominated by PFASs, accounting for 50%. Medium-priority emerging pollutants were still dominated by PFASs (26.32%), but the proportion was lower. Low-priority emerging pollutants were dominated by SAs, accounting for 31.25%. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), carbamazepine (CBZ), caffeine (CAF), perfluorohexyl sulfonic acid (PFHxA), and clarithromycin (CLA) were defined as a priority control list. Compared with other pollutants, PFOS and PFOA had higher scores in persistence, bioaccumulation, and health risk, whereas CBZ and CAF had higher scores in ecological risk. The average risk quotient (RQ) of CAF was 4.8, which indicated a relatively high ecological risk. Health risk indicated that the potential risk caused by PFOA (average hazard quotient was 0.018) cannot be ignored. For the priority control list, because of the high removal rate of CAF in sewage treatment plants, the construction of a pipe network and riverside belt with high vegetation coverage should be strengthened to reduce the impact of untreated sewage discharge and rainfall runoff. Pollutants with low removal rates in sewage treatment plants should be treated with combined technologies to improve the removal efficiency. In addition, industry substitution work should be accelerated to reduce emissions of PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxA.
在地表水中经常检测到新兴污染物，这对区域水生生态系统和人类健康构成了威胁。由于其种类复杂，风险和毒性差异较大，基于污染特征综合评估以确定新的优先污染物的研究仍不完整。本研究针对41种新兴污染物建立了一种多标准评分方法，旨在保护水生生物和人类健康，使用了包括污染物的环境暴露水平、持久性、生物累积性、生态风险和健康风险在内的五个关键指标。在天津地表水中对新兴污染物进行了筛选和识别。划分了不同同系物的优先级别，并对优先控制清单中污染物的生态和健康风险进行了评估。结果表明，研究区域内普遍检测到41种新兴污染物。磺胺类抗生素（SAs）和其他药物（Others）的平均浓度最高，分别为200.04 ng·L和176.30 ng·L，其次是全氟化合物（PFASs，57.98 ng·L）。在污染物类别方面，高优先级新兴污染物以PFASs为主，占50%。中优先级新兴污染物仍以PFASs为主（26.32%），但比例较低。低优先级新兴污染物以SAs为主，占31.25%。全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、卡马西平（CBZ）、咖啡因（CAF）、全氟己基磺酸（PFHxA）和克拉霉素（CLA）被定义为优先控制清单。与其他污染物相比，PFOS和PFOA在持久性、生物累积性和健康风险方面得分较高，而CBZ和CAF在生态风险方面得分较高。CAF的平均风险商（RQ）为4.8，表明生态风险相对较高。健康风险表明，PFOA造成的潜在风险（平均危害商为0.018）不容忽视。对于优先控制清单中的污染物，由于污水处理厂对CAF的去除率较高，应加强建设管网和植被覆盖率高的河边带，以减少未经处理的污水排放和降雨径流的影响。对于污水处理厂中去除率较低的污染物，应采用联合技术进行处理，以提高去除效率。此外，应加快行业替代工作，以减少PFOS、PFOA和PFHxA的排放。
