Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, campus Governador Valadares, Brazil.
28114School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Percept Mot Skills. 2022 Oct;129(5):1413-1427. doi: 10.1177/00315125221119136. Epub 2022 Aug 16.
Although the importance of practice has been evidenced in early studies of cross-limb transfer, the association between cross-limb transfer and practice organization remains unknown. The two primary means of organizing practice are constant practice (CP) and variable practice (VP). When the same generalized motor program governs the motor responses, VP produces better transfer than CP. Thus, we hypothesized that VP would generate a higher cross-limb transfer level than CP. We assigned 40 participants to CP or VP groups and conducted an experiment consisting of three phases: pre-test, practice, and transfer test. At pre-test, all participants practiced eight trials of a sequence key-pressing task with the non-dominant hand (NDH). After the pre-test, all participants performed a practice phase of 72 trials with the dominant hand, but CP and VP groups underwent their different practice schedules (CP or VP) such that the CP group practiced a sequence key-pressing task in one sequence, and the VP group practiced four different sequences randomly. On the transfer test all partcipants completed eight trials with the NDH 24 hours after the practice phase. The CP group showed better performance than the VP group on the transfer test, and we concluded that the effects of practice organization in cross-limb transfer are distinct from intra- and inter-task transfer such that the specificity of practice explained the benefits of CG.
尽管在早期的肢体交叉转移研究中已经证明了实践的重要性，但肢体交叉转移与实践组织之间的联系仍然未知。组织实践的两种主要方法是恒定实践（CP）和变量实践（VP）。当相同的广义运动程序控制运动反应时，VP 比 CP 产生更好的转移效果。因此，我们假设 VP 将产生比 CP 更高的肢体交叉转移水平。我们将 40 名参与者分配到 CP 或 VP 组，并进行了一个包含三个阶段的实验：预测试、实践和转移测试。在预测试中，所有参与者都用非优势手（NDH）练习了 8 次序列按键任务。预测试后，所有参与者都用优势手进行了 72 次练习，但 CP 和 VP 组进行了不同的练习计划（CP 或 VP），CP 组在一个序列中练习序列按键任务，VP 组则随机练习四个不同的序列。在转移测试中，所有参与者在练习阶段后 24 小时都用 NDH 完成了 8 次试验。CP 组在转移测试中的表现优于 VP 组，我们得出结论，实践组织在肢体交叉转移中的作用与内和任务间转移不同，即实践的特异性解释了 CG 的好处。
