新步态模式的学习和双侧肢体间的迁移通过数天的分散练习得以促进。
Learning and interlimb transfer of new gait patterns are facilitated by distributed practice across days.
作者信息
Krishnan Chandramouli
机构信息
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Michigan Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
出版信息
Gait Posture. 2019 May;70:84-89. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.02.019. Epub 2019 Feb 23.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have shown that the extent to which learning with one limb transfers to the opposite, untrained limb (i.e., interlimb transfer) is proportional to the amount of prior learning (or skill acquisition) that has occurred in the training limb. Thus, it is likely that distributed practice-a training strategy that is known to facilitate learning-will result in greater interlimb transfer than massed practice.
RESEARCH QUESTION
To evaluate the effects of massed and distributed practice on acquisition and interlimb transfer of leg motor skills during walking.
METHODS
Forty-five subjects learned a new gait pattern that required greater hip and knee flexion during the swing phase of gait. The new gait pattern was displayed as a foot trajectory in the sagittal plane and participants attempted to match their foot trajectory to this template. Subjects in the massed practice group (n = 20) learned the task on a single day, whereas subjects in the distributed practice group (n = 25) learned the task that was spaced over two consecutive days (training phase). Following completion of training, subjects in both groups practiced the task with their untrained, opposite leg to evaluate interlimb transfer (transfer phase).
RESULTS
Results indicated that the amount of skill acquisition (i.e., reductions in tracking error) on the training leg was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the distributed practice group when compared with the massed practice group. Similarly, the amount of interlimb transfer was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the distributed practice group both at the beginning and end of the transfer phase.
SIGNIFICANCE
The findings indicate that acquisition and interlimb transfer of leg motor skills are significantly greater when the task was learned using distributed practice, which may have implications for gait rehabilitation in individuals with unilateral deficits, such as stroke.
背景
先前的研究表明，用一侧肢体进行的学习转移到对侧未经训练肢体（即双侧肢体间转移）的程度与训练肢体中先前发生的学习量（或技能习得量）成正比。因此，与集中练习相比，已知有助于学习的训练策略——分散练习，可能会导致更大程度的双侧肢体间转移。
研究问题
评估集中练习和分散练习对步行过程中腿部运动技能习得和双侧肢体间转移的影响。
方法
45名受试者学习一种新的步态模式，该模式在步态摆动期需要更大的髋部和膝部屈曲。新的步态模式以矢状面内的足部轨迹显示，参与者试图使他们的足部轨迹与该模板匹配。集中练习组（n = 20）的受试者在一天内学习该任务，而分散练习组（n = 25）的受试者在连续两天内（训练阶段）学习该任务。训练完成后，两组受试者用其未经训练的对侧腿练习该任务，以评估双侧肢体间转移（转移阶段）。
结果
结果表明，与集中练习组相比，分散练习组训练腿上的技能习得量（即跟踪误差的降低）显著更高（P < 0.05）。同样，在转移阶段开始和结束时，分散练习组的双侧肢体间转移量也显著更高（P < 0.05）。
意义
研究结果表明，当使用分散练习学习任务时，腿部运动技能的习得和双侧肢体间转移显著更大，这可能对单侧缺陷个体（如中风患者）的步态康复具有启示意义。
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