Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany.
Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2022 Nov;20(6):803-817. doi: 10.1007/s40258-022-00751-y. Epub 2022 Aug 16.
Pharmaceutical policies are generally based on the assumption that involved stakeholders make rational decisions. However, behavioral economics has taught us that this is not always the case as people deviate from rational behavior in rather predictable patterns. This scoping review examined to what extent behavioral concepts have already been applied in the pharmaceutical domain and what evidence exists about their effectiveness, with the aim of formulating future applications and research hypotheses on policymaking for best-value biologicals.
A scoping literature review was conducted on the evidence of behavioral applications to pharmaceuticals. Scientific databases (Embase, MEDLINE, APA PsycArticles, and Scopus) were searched up to 20 October, 2021.
Forty-four full-text scientific articles were identified and narratively described in this article. Pharmaceutical domains where behavioral concepts have been investigated relate to influencing prescribing behavior, improving medication adherence, and increasing vaccination uptake. Multiple behavioral concepts were examined in the identified studies, such as social norms, defaults, framing, loss aversion, availability, and present bias. The effectiveness of the applied interventions was generally positive, but depended on the context. Some of the examined interventions can easily be translated into effective policy interventions for best-value biological medicines. However, some applications require further investigation in a research context.
Applications of behavioral economics to pharmaceutical policymaking are promising. However, further research is required to investigate the effect of behavioral applications on policy interventions for a more sustainable market environment for best-value biological medicines.
药物政策通常基于相关利益相关者做出理性决策的假设。然而，行为经济学告诉我们，情况并非总是如此，因为人们会以相当可预测的模式偏离理性行为。本范围综述旨在考察行为概念在药物领域的应用程度以及关于其有效性的证据，以期为制定最佳价值生物制品的决策制定制定未来的应用和研究假设。
对药物应用行为的证据进行了范围广泛的文献综述。截至 2021 年 10 月 20 日，对科学数据库（Embase、MEDLINE、APA PsycArticles 和 Scopus）进行了搜索。
本文对 44 篇全文科学文章进行了描述性叙述。已经研究过行为概念的药物领域涉及影响处方行为、提高药物依从性和增加疫苗接种率。在已确定的研究中，研究了多种行为概念，例如社会规范、默认、框架、损失厌恶、可得性和现状偏见。应用干预措施的有效性通常是积极的，但取决于具体情况。一些已检查的干预措施可以很容易地转化为最佳价值生物药物的有效政策干预措施。但是，某些应用程序需要在研究背景下进行进一步调查。
将行为经济学应用于药物政策制定是有希望的。然而，需要进一步研究以调查行为应用对最佳价值生物药物更可持续市场环境的政策干预的影响。
