Mendonça Rita, Garrido Margarida V, Semin Gün R
William James Center for Research, ISPA-Instituto Universitário.
Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Cis-Iscte.
Cogn Sci. 2022 Aug;46(8):e13185. doi: 10.1111/cogs.13185.
Cultural routines, such as reading and writing direction (script direction), channel attention orientation. Depending on one's native language habit, attention is biased from left-to-right (LR) or from right-to-left (RL). Here, we further document this bias, as it interacts with the spatial directionality that grounds time concepts. We used a spatial cueing task to test whether script direction and the grounding of time in Portuguese (LR, Exp. 1) and Arabic (RL, Exp. 2) shape visuomotor performance in target discrimination. Temporal words (e.g., tomorrow, yesterday) were presented as cues in two modalities: visual (Exp. 1-2) and auditory (Exp. 1). Gaze movement (Exp. 1) and speed of discrimination decisions (Exp. 1-2) of targets presented to the left or right sides of the screen were assessed. As predicted, the interaction between target location and time concepts was significant across both modalities and linguistic communities. Additionally, LR participants detected the target on the right side of the screen faster after a future word than the target on the left side of the screen after a past word cue. In contrast, RL participants detected the target on the left side of the screen faster when the cue word was a future word than the target on the right side of the screen cued by a past word. In both modalities, the initial eye-gaze movement (Exp. 1) was responsive to the cue's time referent, further confirming that time orients attention. An additional bias was observed for the first fixation onset, which landed earlier on the target set that matched habitualized spatial routines. We conclude that scanning regularities are shaped by writing habits and bodily grounded categorical features.
文化惯例，如阅读和书写方向（文字方向），引导注意力的方向。根据个人的母语习惯，注意力会偏向从左到右（LR）或从右到左（RL）。在这里，我们进一步记录这种偏向，因为它与作为时间概念基础的空间方向性相互作用。我们使用空间线索任务来测试文字方向以及葡萄牙语（LR，实验1）和阿拉伯语（RL，实验2）中时间的基础是否会影响目标辨别中的视觉运动表现。时间词（如明天、昨天）以两种方式呈现为线索：视觉（实验1 - 2）和听觉（实验1）。评估了呈现于屏幕左侧或右侧的目标的注视运动（实验1）和辨别决策速度（实验1 - 2）。正如预测的那样，目标位置和时间概念之间的相互作用在两种方式和语言群体中都很显著。此外，LR组的参与者在看到表示未来的词后，检测屏幕右侧目标的速度比看到表示过去的词后检测屏幕左侧目标的速度更快。相比之下，RL组的参与者在提示词为表示未来的词时，检测屏幕左侧目标的速度比看到表示过去的词后检测屏幕右侧目标的速度更快。在两种方式中，最初的眼动注视（实验1）对线索的时间指向有反应，进一步证实了时间引导注意力。在首次注视开始时还观察到另一种偏向，即首次注视更早地落在与习惯化空间惯例相匹配的目标组上。我们得出结论，扫描规律是由书写习惯和身体所基于的分类特征塑造的。
