Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
Department of Biomedical Engineering and Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale University and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2023 Jan;51(1):45-57. doi: 10.1007/s10439-022-03037-5. Epub 2022 Aug 16.
Continuing advances in genomics, molecular and cellular mechanobiology and immunobiology, including transcriptomics and proteomics, and biomechanics increasingly reveal the complexity underlying native tissue and organ structure and function. Identifying methods to repair, regenerate, or replace vital tissues and organs remains one of the greatest challenges of modern biomedical engineering, one that deserves our very best effort. Notwithstanding the continuing need for improving standard methods of investigation, including cell, organoid, and tissue culture, biomaterials development and fabrication, animal models, and clinical research, it is increasingly evident that modern computational methods should play increasingly greater roles in advancing the basic science, bioengineering, and clinical application of regenerative medicine. This brief review focuses on the development and application of computational models of tissue and organ mechanobiology and mechanics for purposes of designing tissue engineered constructs and understanding their development in vitro and in situ. Although the basic approaches are general, for illustrative purposes we describe two recent examples from cardiovascular medicine-tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) and tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs)-to highlight current methods of approach as well as continuing needs.
基因组学、分子和细胞机械生物学和免疫生物学的持续进步，包括转录组学和蛋白质组学，以及生物力学，越来越揭示了天然组织和器官结构和功能的复杂性。确定修复、再生或替代重要组织和器官的方法仍然是现代生物医学工程面临的最大挑战之一，值得我们全力以赴。尽管继续需要改进包括细胞、类器官和组织培养、生物材料开发和制造、动物模型和临床研究在内的标准研究方法，但越来越明显的是，现代计算方法应该在推进再生医学的基础科学、生物工程和临床应用中发挥越来越大的作用。本综述重点介绍了组织和器官机械生物学和力学的计算模型的开发和应用，目的是设计组织工程构建体，并了解其在体外和体内的发展。尽管基本方法具有通用性，但为了说明问题，我们描述了心血管医学领域的两个最近的例子——组织工程心脏瓣膜 (TEHV) 和组织工程血管移植物 (TEVG)——以突出当前的方法以及持续存在的需求。
