School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Aug 16;194(10):678. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10281-8.
The ubiquity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils in petroleum refining areas is an important problem affecting human and ecological safety. In this study, 103 topsoil (0-0.50 m) samples were collected from a retired petroleum refinery area in Guangdong province, south China. The PAHs concentrations were determined by ultrasonic extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection methods. Twelve PAHs controlled priority listed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) were investigated. The results revealed that the concentration of ƩPAHs ranged from 2100 to 5200 µg kg, with a mean value of 3741.66 µg kg. The site was dominated by high rings PAHs (4-, 5-, and 6-ring), contributing 81.96% to ƩPAHs. The concentrations of 9 kinds of PAHs exceeded the Dutch soil quality standard. Besides, the PAHs were primarily distributed in the storage tank area and with high levels of contamination. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that coal combustion was the source of PAHs in topsoil, followed by petroleum dripping and traffic emissions. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) modeling illustrated that soil ingestion was the major pathway of PAH exposure for both adults and children. Notably, the total noncarcinogenic human health risk due to PAHs was within the limit of 1, while the carcinogenic risks alone caused by benzo(a)pyrene via soil ingestion to adults and children were obviously beyond the USEPA limit (1.00E -06). Therefore, PAHs in the petroleum refinery areas have potential carcinogenic hazards to human health, the area should be remediated before reuse.
多环芳烃（PAHs）在炼油区土壤中的普遍存在是一个影响人类和生态安全的重要问题。本研究采集了中国南方广东省一个已退役的炼油区表层土壤（0-0.50 m）103 个样品，采用超声提取-气相色谱-质谱检测方法测定了土壤中 12 种美国环保署（USEPA）优先控制的多环芳烃的浓度。结果表明，∑PAHs 浓度范围为 2100-5200 µg·kg-1，平均值为 3741.66 µg·kg-1。该地区以高环 PAHs（4-、5-和 6-环）为主，占∑PAHs 的 81.96%。9 种 PAHs 的浓度超过了荷兰土壤质量标准。此外，PAHs 主要分布在储油罐区，污染程度较高。层次聚类分析（HCA）和主成分分析（PCA）结果表明，煤燃烧是表层土壤中 PAHs 的主要来源，其次是石油滴漏和交通排放。增量终身癌症风险（ILCR）模型表明，土壤摄入是成人和儿童暴露于 PAHs 的主要途径。值得注意的是，由于 PAHs 导致的非致癌性人体健康总风险在 1 以内，而仅通过土壤摄入途径，苯并(a)芘对成人和儿童造成的致癌风险明显超过 USEPA 限值（1.00E-06）。因此，炼油区的 PAHs 对人体健康具有潜在的致癌危害，在重新利用之前需要进行修复。
