Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Ilorin and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, NG.
Department of Paediatrics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, NG.
Ann Glob Health. 2022 Jul 26;88(1):60. doi: 10.5334/aogh.3743. eCollection 2022.
Lack of a timely receipt of vaccines can cause uncertain immune response and under-vaccination. Hence, timely vaccination is crucial to ensure an infant's early protection.
To identify the age of presentation for the birth dose vaccines, vaccine antigens received and factors associated with vaccination presentation by day one in Northern Nigeria.
A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 1 952 mother-infant pairs enrolled from 5 different states in Northern Nigeria. Data was collected using a questionnaire including the socio-demographic, antenatal care (ANC), delivery details, birth dates, vaccination presentation and birth vaccine antigens received. Data analysis was done with the SPSS-21 software.
The median age of the infants at presentation for birth vaccines was six (interquartile range 2-16) days. A total of 413 (21.2%) infants were brought by the day of birth (day 0) or the next day (Day one), while one-fifth (20.6%) presented after Day 28. The most frequently received antigen was the by 1 781 infants (91.2%), oral polio vaccine 1 703 (87.2%), and hepatitis B vaccine birth dose the lowest at 75.1% (1 565). The commonest reasons for delayed presentations were an ill baby (24.7%) and an ill mother (21.9%).Factors associated with presentation within Day one post-birth were hospital delivery (OR-1.67, 95% CI; 1.28-2.19), firstborn (OR-1.40; 95%CI; 1.02-1.93), Christianity (OR-2.14 95% CI; 1.63-2.81), and mother with tertiary education (OR-1.62, 95% CI; 1.05-2.48).
Timely administration of the birth dose vaccines is low in Northern Nigeria. Furthermore, some babies do not get the required vaccines despite presenting for vaccination due to stockout. Strategies for early neonatal vaccination such as vaccination in hospital suites post-delivery and utilizing relatives/fathers to take the baby for vaccination when a mother is indisposed are imperative.
未能及时接种疫苗可能导致免疫反应不确定和疫苗接种不足。因此，及时接种对于确保婴儿早期得到保护至关重要。
确定在尼日利亚北部，婴儿出生时疫苗的接种年龄、接种的疫苗抗原以及与出生后第一天接种相关的因素。
本研究为在尼日利亚北部 5 个不同州招募的 1952 对母婴进行的描述性横断面研究。使用包括社会人口统计学、产前护理 (ANC)、分娩细节、出生日期、疫苗接种情况和出生时疫苗抗原接种情况的问卷收集数据。使用 SPSS-21 软件进行数据分析。
婴儿出生时疫苗接种的中位数年龄为 6 天（四分位距 2-16 天）。共有 413 名（21.2%）婴儿在出生当天（第 0 天）或第二天（第 1 天）前来接种，而五分之一（20.6%）的婴儿在第 28 天之后才来接种。最常接种的抗原是乙型肝炎疫苗（1952 例，91.2%）、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（1703 例，87.2%），而乙肝疫苗出生剂量最低，为 75.1%（1565 例）。延迟接种的常见原因是婴儿患病（24.7%）和母亲患病（21.9%）。出生后第 1 天内进行接种的相关因素为医院分娩（比值比 1.67，95%置信区间；1.28-2.19）、第一胎（比值比 1.40；95%置信区间；1.02-1.93）、基督教（比值比 2.14，95%置信区间；1.63-2.81）和母亲接受过高等教育（比值比 1.62，95%置信区间；1.05-2.48）。
在尼日利亚北部，及时接种出生时疫苗的情况较低。此外，尽管有些婴儿前来接种疫苗，但由于疫苗缺货，他们并未接种所需的疫苗。因此，迫切需要采取早期新生儿接种策略，例如在分娩后在医院套房中进行接种，并在母亲不适时利用亲属/父亲带婴儿去接种疫苗。
