Cipoli Yago Alonso, Targino Admir Créso, Krecl Patricia, Furst Leonardo Campestrini, Alves Célia Dos Anjos, Feliciano Manuel
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal.
Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
Atmos Pollut Res. 2022 Sep;13(9):101512. doi: 10.1016/j.apr.2022.101512. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
The restrictive measures in place during the COVID-19 pandemic provided a timely scenario to investigate the effects of human activities on air quality, and the extent to which mobility reduction strategies can impact atmospheric pollutant levels. Real-time concentrations of PM, PM and PM were measured using a mobile platform in a small city of Portugal, during morning and afternoon rush hours, in two distinct phases of the pandemic: emergency phase (cold period, lockdown) and calamity phase (warm period, less restricted). The Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry Model (MPPD) was used to calculate the PM deposition for adults. Large spatio-temporal variabilities and pronounced changes in mean PM concentrations were observed, with lower concentrations in the calamity phase: PM = 2.33 ± 1.61 μg m; PM = 5.15 ± 2.77 μg m; PM = 23.30 ± 21.53 μg m than in the emergency phase: PM = 16.85 ± 31.80 μg m; PM = 30.92 ± 31.93 μg m; PM = 111.27 ± 104.53 μg m. These changes are explained by a combination of meteorological factors and local emissions, mainly residential firewood burning. Regarding regional deposition, PM was the main contributor to deposition in the tracheobronchial (5%) and pulmonary (12%) regions, and PM in the head region (92%). In general, total deposition doses were higher for males than for females. This work quantitatively demonstrated that even with a 38% reduction in urban mobility during the lockdown, the use of firewood for residential heating is the main contributor to the high concentrations of PM and the respective inhaled dose.
新冠疫情期间实施的限制措施为调查人类活动对空气质量的影响以及出行减少策略对大气污染物水平的影响程度提供了一个适时的情境。在葡萄牙一个小城市，利用移动平台在疫情的两个不同阶段，即紧急阶段（寒冷时期，封锁）和灾难阶段（温暖时期，限制较少）的早晚高峰时段测量了PM、PM 和 PM的实时浓度。使用多路径粒子剂量模型（MPPD）计算成年人的PM沉积量。观察到了较大的时空变异性以及平均PM浓度的显著变化，灾难阶段的浓度低于紧急阶段：灾难阶段PM = 2.33 ± 1.61 μg m；PM = 5.15 ± 2.77 μg m；PM = 23.30 ± 21.53 μg m，紧急阶段为：PM = 16.85 ± 31.80 μg m；PM = 30.92 ± 31.93 μg m；PM = 111.27 ± 104.53 μg m。这些变化是由气象因素和本地排放（主要是居民烧柴）共同造成的。关于区域沉积，PM是气管支气管区域（5%）和肺部区域（12%）沉积的主要贡献者，而PM是头部区域沉积的主要贡献者（92%）。总体而言，男性的总沉积剂量高于女性。这项工作定量证明，即使在封锁期间城市出行减少了38%，居民取暖使用柴火仍是PM高浓度及其吸入剂量的主要促成因素。
