ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair 744 105, India.
J Genet. 2022;101.
Nicobari fowl constitute an endemic poultry germplasm of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Genetic diversity, population structure and ancestry of Nicobari fowl were analysed with mitochondrial D-loop sequences. Analysis of complete D-loop sequences (1231-1232 bp) showed 46 polymorphic sites resulting in 26 haplotypes with overall haplotype diversity of 0.895 and nucleotide diversity of 0.0064. Analysis of molecular variance of spatial populations (sampling sites) of Nicobari fowl revealed that the estimated value as 0.229 among the populations. Tajima's and Fu's F tests indicated nonsignificant deviation from neutrality and the multimodal pattern of mismatch distribution in demographic expansion suggested that Nicobari fowl populations are in equilibrium. The median-joining (MJ) network of D-loop sequences with reference haplogroup sequences identifies the presence of haplogroups A, B, E1, E2, F and I in Nicobari fowl. The major haplogroup in Nicobari fowl was E (60%), which is otherwise found mainly in the Indian subcontinent. Phylogenetic analysis of Nicobari fowl with junglefowl by maximum likelihood method showed and . . as maternal progenitors. Grouping of Nicobari fowl with their primary ancestor, Indian red Junglefowl (. . ) and the presence of Indian subcontinent-specific haplogroups (E2 and I) support the independent domestication of chickens in India. This study will help to design breeding strategy for conservation of Nicobari fowl in its island habitat.
尼科巴鸡是印度安达曼和尼科巴群岛特有的地方家禽品种。本研究利用线粒体 D 环序列分析了尼科巴鸡的遗传多样性、种群结构和祖先。对完整 D 环序列（1231-1232bp）的分析显示有 46 个多态性位点，形成了 26 种单倍型，总体单倍型多样性为 0.895，核苷酸多样性为 0.0064。对尼科巴鸡空间种群（采样地点）的分子方差分析表明，种群间的 值估计为 0.229。Tajima's 和 Fu's F 检验表明，尼科巴鸡偏离中性的程度并不显著，并且在人口扩张中的不连续单倍型分布模式表明尼科巴鸡种群处于平衡状态。D 环序列的中位数连接（MJ）网络与参考单倍型序列一起确定了尼科巴鸡中存在 A、B、E1、E2、F 和 I 单倍型群。尼科巴鸡的主要单倍型群是 E（60%），而 E 单倍型群主要存在于印度次大陆。利用最大似然法对尼科巴鸡与原鸡进行的系统发育分析显示 、 和. 是其母系祖先。尼科巴鸡与它们的主要祖先印度红原鸡（.. ）的聚类以及印度次大陆特异性单倍型群（E2 和 I）的存在支持了印度独立的鸡驯化过程。这项研究将有助于为尼科巴鸡在其岛屿栖息地的保护设计育种策略。
