East Antarctic Monitoring Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Oct 15;311:119885. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119885. Epub 2022 Aug 14.
Hydrocarbons pose significant risks to marine ecosystems. A field experiment investigated the effects of four different hydrocarbon products (diesel fuel and three lubricating oils: Unused, Used and Biodegradable) on sediment macrofaunal communities over a five year period, in a shallow Antarctic marine embayment. Sediments were defaunated, treated with a hydrocarbon and deployed in trays (including a control) on the seabed. Diesel fuel had the biggest initial impact on communities, with strong effects at 5 weeks and 1 year, in particular on annelids, but also on amphipods, ostracods and cumaceans. By five years, however, the effect of diesel was less than that of lubrication oils and showed more recovery than oiled treatments and the biggest effect was from the Used oil. There was an effect of hydrocarbons on diversity, especially diesel, at 5 weeks and 1 year, but by 2 and 5 years diversity was not different or greater in hydrocarbon treatments than controls. Total abundance was always lower in hydrocarbon treatments than controls, especially for crustaceans, but annelids were more abundant in oil treatments than controls at 5 years. Oils, and in some cases diesel, enhanced the abundance of some taxa at 2-5 years, including molluscs, some polychaete families (capitellids, cirratulids, dorvilleids), oligochaetes, as well as ostracods, cumaceans and isopods. Amphipods and tanaids were most sensitive to hydrocarbons, and annelids were very sensitive to diesel. The Biodegradable oil had similar magnitude community effects to standard oil at 5 years, but annelids were more affected by Biodegradable oil, particularly at 1 and 2 years, and it did not enhance annelid or mollusc abundance at 5 years like the other oils, except for some polychaete families. Impacts of spilled hydrocarbons in Antarctica will persist well beyond 5 years, but diesel impacts will recover faster than oil.
碳氢化合物对海洋生态系统构成重大风险。一项野外实验研究了四种不同的碳氢化合物产品（柴油燃料和三种润滑油：未使用、已使用和可生物降解）对浅南极海洋湾口沉积物大型动物群落的影响，为期五年。将沉积物脱动物群，用碳氢化合物处理，然后放置在托盘（包括对照）中在海底。柴油燃料对群落的初始影响最大，在 5 周和 1 年内影响强烈，特别是对环节动物，但也对端足类、介形类和等足类有影响。然而，到五年时，柴油的影响小于润滑油的影响，并且比油处理和最大影响来自使用过的油的恢复更快。碳氢化合物对多样性有影响，特别是在 5 周和 1 年内对柴油燃料有影响，但到 2 年和 5 年时，碳氢化合物处理与对照相比，多样性没有差异或更大。在碳氢化合物处理中，生物量总是低于对照，尤其是甲壳类动物，但在 5 年时，环节动物在油处理中比对照更丰富。油，在某些情况下柴油燃料，在 2-5 年内增加了一些类群的丰度，包括软体动物、一些多毛类家族（capitellids、cirratulids、dorvilleids）、寡毛类、介形类、等足类，以及端足类、等足类和等足类。端足类和 tanaids 对碳氢化合物最敏感，环节动物对柴油最敏感。可生物降解油在 5 年内对群落的影响与标准油相似，但环节动物受可生物降解油的影响更大，特别是在 1 年和 2 年时，并且它不像其他油一样在 5 年内增加环节动物或软体动物的丰度，除了一些多毛类家族。南极洲溢油的影响将持续超过 5 年，但柴油的影响将比油更快恢复。
