Sia Chin Siew, Lim Hui Peng, Tey Beng Ti, Goh Bey-Hing, Low Liang Ee
Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2022 Sep;1877(5):188779. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188779. Epub 2022 Aug 14.
Despite the emergence of various cancer treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, their use remains restricted owing to their limited tumor elimination efficacy and side effects. The use of nanoassemblies as delivery systems in nanomedicine for tumor diagnosis and therapy is flourishing. These nanoassemblies can be designed to have various shapes, sizes, and surface charges to meet the requirements of different applications. It is crucial for nanoassemblies to have enhanced delivery of payloads while inducing minimal to no toxicity to healthy tissues. In this review, stimuli-responsive nanoassemblies capable of combating the tumor microenvironment (TME) are discussed. First, various TME characteristics, such as hypoxia, oxidoreduction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) elevation, and acidic TME, are described. Subsequently, the unique characteristics of the vascular and stromal TME are differentiated, and multiple barriers that have to be overcome are discussed. Furthermore, strategies to overcome these barriers for successful drug delivery to the targeted site are reviewed and summarized. In conclusion, the possible challenges and prospects of using these nanoassemblies for tumor-targeted delivery are discussed. This review aims at inspiring researchers to develop stimuli-responsive nanoassemblies for tumor-targeted delivery for clinical applications.
尽管出现了各种癌症治疗方法，如手术、化疗、放疗和免疫疗法，但由于它们的肿瘤消除效果有限且存在副作用，其应用仍然受到限制。纳米组装体作为纳米医学中用于肿瘤诊断和治疗的递送系统正在蓬勃发展。这些纳米组装体可以设计成具有各种形状、尺寸和表面电荷，以满足不同应用的需求。对于纳米组装体来说，在对健康组织产生最小毒性甚至无毒性的同时增强有效载荷的递送至关重要。在这篇综述中，讨论了能够对抗肿瘤微环境（TME）的刺激响应性纳米组装体。首先，描述了各种TME特征，如缺氧、氧化还原、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）升高和酸性TME。随后，区分了血管和基质TME的独特特征，并讨论了必须克服的多个障碍。此外，还对克服这些障碍以成功将药物递送至靶位点的策略进行了综述和总结。总之，讨论了使用这些纳米组装体进行肿瘤靶向递送可能面临的挑战和前景。这篇综述旨在激励研究人员开发用于临床应用的肿瘤靶向递送刺激响应性纳米组装体。
