Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 Jan;9(1):e2103836. doi: 10.1002/advs.202103836. Epub 2021 Nov 19.
The past decades have witnessed great progress in cancer immunotherapy, which has profoundly revolutionized oncology, whereas low patient response rates and potential immune-related adverse events remain major clinical challenges. With the advantages of controlled delivery and modular flexibility, cancer nanomedicine has offered opportunities to strengthen antitumor immune responses and to sensitize tumor to immunotherapy. Furthermore, tumor-microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanomedicine has been demonstrated to achieve specific and localized amplification of the immune response in tumor tissue in a safe and effective manner, increasing patient response rates to immunotherapy and reducing the immune-related side effects simultaneously. Here, the recent progress of TME-responsive nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy is summarized, which responds to the signals in the TME, such as weak acidity, reductive environment, high-level reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, overexpressed enzymes, and high-level adenosine triphosphate. Moreover, the potential to combine nanomedicine-based therapy and immunotherapeutic strategies to overcome each step of the cancer-immunity cycle and to enhance antitumor effects is discussed. Finally, existing challenges and further perspectives in this rising field with the hope for improved development of clinical applications are discussed.
过去几十年见证了癌症免疫疗法的巨大进步，这彻底改变了肿瘤学，然而，患者的低反应率和潜在的免疫相关不良反应仍然是主要的临床挑战。癌症纳米医学具有控制释放和模块化灵活性的优势，为增强抗肿瘤免疫反应和使肿瘤对免疫疗法敏感提供了机会。此外，肿瘤微环境（TME）响应性纳米医学已被证明能够以安全有效的方式在肿瘤组织中特异性和局部放大免疫反应，提高患者对免疫疗法的反应率，同时减少免疫相关的副作用。在这里，总结了 TME 响应性纳米医学在癌症免疫疗法中的最新进展，它响应 TME 中的信号，如弱酸性、还原环境、高水平的活性氧、缺氧、过表达的酶和高水平的三磷酸腺苷。此外，还讨论了将纳米医学为基础的治疗与免疫治疗策略相结合以克服癌症-免疫周期的每一步并增强抗肿瘤效果的潜力。最后，讨论了这一快速发展领域中存在的挑战和进一步的前景，以期改善临床应用的发展。
