Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany.
Institute for Community Health, Regionalverband Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Neurourol Urodyn. 2022 Nov;41(8):1800-1808. doi: 10.1002/nau.25025. Epub 2022 Aug 18.
The aim was to examine associations of specific anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, and incontinence in a representative, population-based sample of preschool children.
All preschool children of a defined geographical area examined before school-entry were included. Parents completed a questionnaire including the Preschool Feelings Checklist (PFC), eight questions referring to nocturnal enuresis (NE), daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), fecal incontinence (FI) and constipation, and 30 items regarding Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), social phobia (SOC), specific phobia (PHOB), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Data of 1206 children (mean age = 5.7 years; 53.5% boys) are presented.
34.6% of incontinent children had an anxiety disorder based on DSM-5 criteria and 13.3% had clinically relevant depressive symptoms (measured by the PFC). Rates of incontinence overall were 14.1% (11.9% NE, 3.1% DUI, and 1.8% FI) and 6.3% for constipation. Rates of SOC and PHOB were increased in NE (20.8% and 25.4%), DUI (39.3% and 34.5%) and FI (35.3% and 50.0%) compared to continent children (13.5% and 17.2%). Children with constipation had higher rates of SOC, PHOB, and GAD than those without. Compared to continent children (9.7%), depressive symptoms were more frequent in children with NE (26.8%), DUI (50.0%), and FI (61.9%).
Anxiety disorders and depressive symptoms are common in children with incontinence. The most specific DSM-5 disorders associated with incontinence are SOC and PHOB, which can be incapacitating and may require treatment. Due to the high rates of anxiety disorders, it is important to screen all children with incontinence, for example, with specific questionnaires.
旨在检查特定的焦虑障碍、抑郁症状和学龄前儿童人群中失禁的关联。
包括在入学前接受检查的特定地理区域内的所有学龄前儿童。父母填写了一份调查问卷，包括学前感觉检查表（PFC）、八个关于夜间遗尿（NE）、日间尿失禁（DUI）、粪便失禁（FI）和便秘的问题，以及 30 个关于分离焦虑障碍（SAD）、社交恐惧症（SOC）、特定恐惧症（PHOB）和广泛性焦虑障碍（GAD）的 DSM-5 诊断标准的问题。目前呈现了 1206 名儿童（平均年龄为 5.7 岁；53.5%为男孩）的数据。
根据 DSM-5 标准，34.6%的失禁儿童患有焦虑障碍，13.3%的儿童有临床相关的抑郁症状（通过 PFC 测量）。总体失禁率为 14.1%（11.9%为 NE，3.1%为 DUI，1.8%为 FI），便秘率为 6.3%。与无失禁的儿童相比，NE（20.8%和 25.4%）、DUI（39.3%和 34.5%）和 FI（35.3%和 50.0%）的 SOC 和 PHOB 发生率更高。与无便秘的儿童相比，有便秘的儿童 SOC、PHOB 和 GAD 的发生率更高。与无失禁的儿童相比（9.7%），NE（26.8%）、DUI（50.0%）和 FI（61.9%）的儿童抑郁症状更常见。
焦虑障碍和抑郁症状在失禁儿童中很常见。与失禁最相关的特定 DSM-5 障碍是 SOC 和 PHOB，它们可能会使人丧失能力，可能需要治疗。由于焦虑障碍的发生率较高，因此对所有有失禁的儿童进行筛查非常重要，例如，使用特定的问卷。
