Lee Samuel K, Lee Michael S
NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.
Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2022 Nov 1;33(6):465-470. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000894. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
The current review will cover the clinical presentation, causes, epidemiology, differential diagnoses, workup, and treatment of ocular neuromyotonia (ONM) in detail.
While ONM largely remains a unilateral eye movement disease affecting adults with a history of sellar radiation, recent case reports highlight an expansion of this presentation to include bilateral, pediatric, and congenital cases.
ONM is a rare but recognizable ocular motility disorder involving sustained contraction of the extraocular muscle, commonly resulting in intermittent diplopia. Diagnosis of ONM relies upon a thorough history and clinical exam, with particular attention to history of radiotherapy and eccentric gaze testing. Treatment with carbamazepine remains first-line therapy, although other membrane stabilizing agents and surgical interventions can be effective.
本综述将详细阐述眼部神经肌强直（ONM）的临床表现、病因、流行病学、鉴别诊断、检查及治疗。
虽然ONM在很大程度上仍是一种影响有蝶鞍区放疗史成年人的单侧眼球运动疾病，但最近的病例报告显示其表现有所扩展，包括双侧、儿童及先天性病例。
ONM是一种罕见但可识别的眼球运动障碍，涉及眼外肌持续收缩，通常导致间歇性复视。ONM的诊断依赖于详尽的病史和临床检查，尤其要注意放疗史和偏心注视试验。卡马西平治疗仍是一线疗法，尽管其他膜稳定药物和手术干预也可能有效。
