Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.
PLoS One. 2022 Aug 18;17(8):e0273248. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273248. eCollection 2022.
In swimming, the period between the end of the swimming warmup and the beginning of competition is critical to performance, here termed the transition phase. Several options are available during this phase, necessitating a systematic review to understand if optimal strategies exist.
To synthesise and critically evaluate the current literature investigating land-based warmup interventions on subsequent performance in competitive swimmers.
A search of three electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCO SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) was conducted to identify original studies until February 2022. Selection criteria dictated that (i) a control condition was used, (ii) participants were ≥ 15 years of age, (iii) a pool-based warmup was done prior to the land-based warmup. A total of 25 articles met the selection criteria.
Reducing the transition phase duration by at least half led to consistently faster time-trial times of between 1.1-1.5% for all included studies. Passive warmups using clothing interventions resulted in mostly faster time-trial's of 0.4-0.8% with increases in skin temperature frequent, though little change occurred in core temperature. The methodology of passive respiratory warmups were vastly different with positive time-trial's effects ranging between 0.9-1.1% for two studies, though one reported no meaningful difference. Active warmups led to consistently faster time-trial's between 0.7-0.9%, though the unpinning factors are not clear. Warmups which combined passive and active options frequently led to faster time-trial's between 0.8-3%. Upper and combined limb post-activation performance enhancement led to mostly unfavourable time-trial changes. Lower limb exclusive protocols results were inconsistent, with limited beneficial effects on time-trial or start performance reported following plyometric protocols. However, there does appear merit in heavier loaded lower limb protocols.
Each of a reduced transition phase length, and passive, active or combination warmup have demonstrated improvements in swimming performance. Conversely, PAPE protocols should be used with caution, especially when including the upper limbs.
在游泳中，从游泳热身结束到比赛开始的这段时间对表现至关重要，我们称之为过渡阶段。在这个阶段有几种选择，因此需要进行系统的综述，以了解是否存在最佳策略。
综合和批判性评估当前关于陆上热身干预对竞技游泳运动员后续表现的文献。
对三个电子数据库（PubMed、EBSCO SPORTDiscus 和 Web of Science）进行了检索，以确定截至 2022 年 2 月的原始研究。选择标准规定：（i）使用对照条件，（ii）参与者年龄≥15 岁，（iii）在进行陆上热身之前进行池上热身。共有 25 篇文章符合选择标准。
所有纳入的研究均表明，将过渡阶段的持续时间至少缩短一半，可使计时赛时间平均快 1.1%-1.5%。使用服装干预的被动热身大多使计时赛快 0.4%-0.8%，皮肤温度经常升高，但核心温度变化不大。被动呼吸热身的方法差异很大，两项研究的正计时赛效果在 0.9%-1.1%之间，但一项研究报告没有明显差异。主动热身可使计时赛快 0.7%-0.9%，但不确定解耦因素。将被动和主动选项结合起来的热身通常会使计时赛快 0.8%-3%。上半身和联合肢体的后激活性能增强大多导致计时赛的不利变化。下肢独家方案的结果不一致，报告称在进行增强式训练方案后，计时赛或出发表现仅略有改善。但是，下肢更重的负载方案似乎更有价值。
缩短过渡阶段的长度，以及进行被动、主动或组合热身都可以提高游泳表现。相反，应该谨慎使用 PAPE 方案，特别是在上肢包含时。
Zotero 插件