O'Tuama L A, Swanson M S
J Child Neurol. 1986 Jan;1(1):46-9. doi: 10.1177/088307388600100107.
Paranasal sinus and mastoid disease in children is an important potential source of intracranial sepsis. Cranial computed tomographic (CT) scans are a primary imaging modality for assessment of the paranasal sinuses and mastoids. Radiographic assessment of paranasal sinus development has largely been confined to plain radiographs and polytomographic examination. We report a pilot, quantitative analysis of 30 CT scans obtained from patients without known ear, nose, or throat disease, and aged from 3 weeks to 13.8 years. Ethmoid, sphenoid, and mastoid sinus development was assessed by a "pneumatization index" (PI) derived from each CT scan. At all ages, the rank order of sinus development was ethmoid greater than mastoid greater than sphenoid. Individual developmental rates showed considerable variation. In the newborn, mastoid and sphenoid sinus development was minimal, whereas ethmoid sinuses showed substantial aeration. The data suggest that, for children older than 5 years of age, an ethmoid sinus PI less than or equal to 0.714 is highly suspicious of paranasal sinus disease.
儿童鼻窦和乳突疾病是颅内脓毒症的一个重要潜在来源。头颅计算机断层扫描（CT）是评估鼻窦和乳突的主要影像学检查方法。鼻窦发育的影像学评估主要局限于平片和体层摄影检查。我们报告了一项对30例CT扫描的初步定量分析，这些扫描来自无已知耳、鼻或喉疾病且年龄在3周至13.8岁之间的患者。通过从每次CT扫描得出的“气化指数”（PI）评估筛窦、蝶窦和乳突窦的发育情况。在所有年龄段，鼻窦发育的排序为筛窦大于乳突大于蝶窦。个体发育速率显示出相当大的差异。在新生儿中，乳突和蝶窦发育极少，而筛窦有大量气腔。数据表明，对于5岁以上儿童，筛窦PI小于或等于0.714高度怀疑鼻窦疾病。
