Zhang Y S, Zhang M, Huang Z J, Li C, Zhao Z P, Zhang X, Jiang B, Gao X X, Yu N, Song Z W, Wang L M
Division of Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance, National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
Division of Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance, National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2022 Aug 10;43(8):1189-1195. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20211017-00802.
To analyze the blood pressure measurement of Chinese adult residents in 2018 and provide a scientific basis for early detection and intervention of hypertension. In 2018, China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance were conducted in 298 counties (districts) of 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) across the country, using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to survey permanent residents aged 18 years and above. We selected 184 509 people and carried out a face-to-face questionnaire survey and body measurement method to collect demographic data, major chronic diseases, and blood pressure measurement information of the survey subjects. Blood glucose and blood lipid-related indicators were obtained by laboratory testing. There were 170 551 adult residents included in the study after excluding abnormal and missing data for key variables. After complex weighting, blood pressure detection rates and detection times in people with different blood pressure levels and other diseases were analyzed. SAS 9.4 software was used to perform the -test and trend test. Among adult residents in China, the proportions of those with normal blood pressure, commonly recognized 'high' blood pressure, and newly detected hypertension who had their blood pressure tested within three months were 44.4%, 50.4%, and 52.6%, respectively. The proportions all appeared higher in women than in men (all <0.05), in urban than in rural areas (all <0.05), and showed an increasing trend with age (all <0.001); The proportion of these three populations who had never had their blood pressure measured was 27.6%, 24.2%, and 23.5% respectively. The proportion of people with diagnosed hypertension who had their blood pressure tested within seven days was 44.0%, 51.4% in urban areas, higher than 37.7% in rural areas (<0.001), and the proportion of people who had their blood pressure tested increased with education, per capita annual income and BMI (all <0.001). The behavior of regular self-monitoring of blood pressure among adult residents in China still needs to be improved, especially among men and rural areas. Relevant health promotion and education should be strengthened. More targeted policies and measures should be developed to improve blood pressure measurement behavior in people with normal high blood pressure and other high-risk groups to control elevated blood pressure effectively.
分析2018年中国成年居民的血压测量情况，为高血压的早期发现和干预提供科学依据。2018年，在全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）的298个县（区）开展中国慢性病及危险因素监测，采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，对18岁及以上常住人口进行调查。共选取184509人，采用面对面问卷调查和体格测量方法，收集调查对象的人口学资料、主要慢性病及血压测量信息。血糖和血脂相关指标通过实验室检测获得。排除关键变量异常和缺失数据后，纳入研究的成年居民有170551人。经过复杂加权后，分析不同血压水平人群及其他疾病人群的血压检测率和检测次数。采用SAS 9.4软件进行t检验和趋势检验。在中国成年居民中，血压正常、公认“高血压”及新检出高血压人群中，在三个月内测量过血压的比例分别为44.4%、50.4%和52.6%。这些比例均呈现女性高于男性（均P<0.05），城市高于农村（均P<0.05），且随年龄增长呈上升趋势（均P<0.001）；这三类人群中从未测量过血压的比例分别为27.6%、24.2%和23.5%。确诊高血压患者中，在七天内测量过血压的比例为44.0%，城市地区为51.4%，高于农村地区的37.7%（P<0.001），且测量血压的比例随受教育程度、人均年收入和体质指数升高而增加（均P<0.001）。中国成年居民定期自我监测血压的行为仍有待改善，尤其是男性和农村地区。应加强相关健康促进和教育。应制定更具针对性的政策和措施，改善血压正常高值及其他高危人群的血压测量行为，有效控制血压升高。
