Wagh Vishal, Tidake Pravin
Ophthalmology, Jawarhalal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2022 Jul 16;14(7):e26915. doi: 10.7759/cureus.26915. eCollection 2022 Jul.
Objective In this study, we aimed to examine the presence of visual damage due to ocular trauma and assess visual outcomes, and document the clinical spectrum and outcomes following ocular injuries among patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital in rural central India. Methods This was a hospital-based prospective interventional study conducted over a period of two years from August 2019 to August 2021. Patients with ocular injuries attending the casualty and the Ophthalmology department were included in the study after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed and comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed and visual acuity was noted at the presentation and follow-ups. The patients were followed up at regular intervals, initially at one week and subsequently at three and six weeks. Results The incidence of ocular trauma was highest in the age group of 31-40 years. There were only three patients aged more than 60 years; 15 were in the pediatric age group (1-20 years). The ocular trauma was highest in males (88.33%) than in females (11.67%). The majority of the patients were from rural areas (70%) and 30% were from urban areas. In this study, both eyes were equally involved. The right eye was involved in 45% of patients and the left eye was involved in 55%. Of note, 80% of the patients presented with closed globe injury, and 20% presented with open globe injury. On classifying the open and closed globe injuries into their subtypes, it was observed that the majority of the patients had lid laceration (n=43, 71.67%), followed by corneal penetration in 12 patients (20%), corneal abrasion in three patients (5%), and lid abrasion in two patients (3.33%). While 34 patients presented to the hospital with a history of road traffic accidents (56.67%), accidental trauma (by a wooden stick, hook of a blouse, bangle, etc.) was noted in 17 patients (28.33%), trauma by soil particle and hand pump in five patients (8.33%), and electrical trauma caused by the blast of capacitor in one patient (1.67%). One patient (1.67%) had sustained trauma from a piece of wood while working on the farm and two patients (3.33%) had a trauma because of assault. Thirty-four patients (66.67%) had a history of falls from bikes, and the next most common object causing trauma was a wooden piece/stick (four patients, 6.67%), followed by trauma caused by an iron particle in four patients (6.67%), trauma by stone in three patients (5%), and trauma by hand pump in two patients (3.33%). Conclusion Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of ocular trauma in patients attending this rural hospital in central India. The ocular structures involved and types of ocular trauma play a significant role in determining the visual outcomes in these patients.
目的 在本研究中，我们旨在检查眼外伤所致视力损害的情况并评估视力预后，记录印度中部农村一家三级医疗机构中眼外伤患者的临床特征及预后。方法 这是一项基于医院的前瞻性干预研究，于2019年8月至2021年8月进行，为期两年。符合纳入和排除标准后，将在急诊科和眼科就诊的眼外伤患者纳入研究。进行详细全面的眼科检查，并记录患者就诊时及随访时的视力。定期对患者进行随访，最初在一周时随访，随后在三周和六周时随访。结果 眼外伤发生率在31 - 40岁年龄组最高。60岁以上患者仅有3例；15例为儿童年龄组（1 - 20岁）。男性眼外伤发生率（88.33%）高于女性（11.67%）。大多数患者来自农村地区（70%），30%来自城市地区。在本研究中，双眼受累情况相同。右眼受累患者占45%，左眼受累患者占55%。值得注意的是，80%的患者为闭合性眼球损伤，20%为开放性眼球损伤。将开放性和闭合性眼球损伤分为各亚型后发现，大多数患者有眼睑裂伤（n = 43，71.67%），其次是12例患者角膜穿通伤（20%），3例患者角膜擦伤（5%），2例患者眼睑擦伤（3.33%）。34例患者因道路交通事故就诊（56.67%），17例患者有意外创伤史（如被木棍、衬衫挂钩、手镯等致伤）（28.33%），5例患者因土壤颗粒和手动泵致伤（8.33%），1例患者因电容器爆炸致电伤（1.67%）。1例患者（1.67%）在农场劳作时被一块木头砸伤，2例患者（3.33%）因袭击受伤。34例患者（66.67%）有从自行车上摔落史，其次最常见的致伤物是木块/木棍（4例患者，6.67%），随后是4例患者因铁颗粒致伤（6.67%），3例患者因石头致伤（5%），2例患者因手动泵致伤（3.33%）。结论 在这家印度中部农村医院就诊的患者中，道路交通事故是眼外伤最常见的原因。受累眼结构及眼外伤类型在决定这些患者的视力预后方面起着重要作用。
